List of heads of state
Chairman of the Central People's Government of the People's Republic of China
Mao Zedong (1 October 1949 - 27 September 1954)
Chairmen of the People's Republic of China
Mao Zedong (27 September 1954 - 27 April 1959)
Liu Shaoqi (27 April 1959 - 31 October 1968)
No successor of Liu Shaoqi was selected, so the vice-chairmen assumed the role of acting heads of state:
Dong Biwu (31 October 1968 - 17 January 1975)
Soong Ching-ling (31 October 1968 - 24 February 1972)
The position of Chairman was officially abolished in 1975 and the functions of head of State were formally transmitted to the chairman of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress.
Chairmen of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress
Zhu De (17 January 1975 - 6 July 1976)
From July 6, 1976 to March 5, 1978 the position remained vacant. The duties of head of state were collectively executed by the twenty vice-chairmen[1].
Ye Jianying (5 March 1978 - 18 June 1983)
On 16 May 1981, the title of Honorary President of the People's Republic of China was conferred on Soong Ching-ling by the National People's Congress. She died two weeks later on 29 May 1981. The powers of the head of state reverted to the Chairman of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress.
Honorary President of the People's Republic of China
Soong Ching-ling (May 16, 1981 - May 28, 1981)
Presidents of the People's Republic of China
Li Xiannian (18 June 1983 - 8 April 1988)
Yang Shangkun (8 April 1988 - 27 March 1993)
Jiang Zemin (27 March 1993 - 15 March 2003)
Hu Jintao (since 15 March 2003)
References and notes
^ They were, in order of ranking, Wu De (b. 1914 - d. 1995), Song Qingling (b. 1893 - d. 1981), Liu Bocheng, Wei Guoqing, Seypidin, Chen Yun, Tan Zhenlin, Li Jingquan, Ulanhu, Guo Moruo, Xu Xiangqian, Nie Rongzhen, Zhang Dingcheng, Cai Chang, Ngapoi Ngawang Jigme, Zhou Jianren, Xu Deheng, Hu Juewen, Li Suwen, Yao Lianwei, and, from 2 Dec 1976, Deng Yingchao (b. 1904 - d. 1992)
Showing posts with label C. Show all posts
Showing posts with label C. Show all posts
Thursday, November 15, 2007
Chakri Dynasty
List of Kings
Buddha Yodfa Chulalok the Great (Rama I)
พระบาทสมเด็จพระพุทธยอดฟ้าจุฬาโลกมหาราช (6 April 1782 - 7 September 1809)
Buddha Loetla Nabhalai (Rama II)
พระบาทสมเด็จพระพุทธเลิศหล้านภาลัย (7 September 1809 - 21 July 1824)
Nangklao (Rama III)
พระบาทสมเด็จพระนั่งเกล้าเจ้าอยู่หัว (21 July 1824 - 2 April 1851)
Mongkut (Rama IV)
พระบาทสมเด็จพระจอมเกล้าเจ้าอยู่หัว (3 April 1851 - 1 October 1868)
Chulalongkorn the Great (Rama V)
พระบาทสมเด็จพระจุลจอมเกล้าเจ้าอยู่หัว "พระปิยมหาราช" (2 October 1868 - 23 October 1910)
Vajiravudh (Rama VI)
พระบาทสมเด็จพระมงกุฎเกล้าเจ้าอยู่หัว (23 October 1910 - 26 November 1925)
Prajadhipok (Rama VII)
พระบาทสมเด็จพระปกเกล้าเจ้าอยู่หัว (26 November 1925 - 2 March 1935)
Ananda Mahidol (Rama VIII)
พระบาทสมเด็จพระเจ้าอยู่หัวอานันทมหิดล (2 March 1935 - 9 June 1946)
Bhumibol Adulyadej the Great (Rama IX)
พระบาทสมเด็จพระเจ้าอยู่หัวภูมิพลอดุลยเดชมหาราช (9 June 1946 - Present)
Vice-Kings
Until 1885 every king had a vice-king (Maha Uparaja, also often translated as second king), usually the brother of the king and the designated heir to the throne - however Rama II was the only former vice-king who actually ascended to the throne. When the vice-king died before the king, the title often remained vacant for several years. The system was abolished by King Chulalongkorn when his vice-king Bovorn Vichaicharn died. He then declared his oldest son the crown prince, but not vice-king.
List of Vice-Kings
Boworn Maha Surasinghanat สมเด็จพระบวรราชเจ้า กรมพระราชวังบวรมหาสุรสิงหนาท (1782-1802)
Isarasundhorn (later Rama II) (1806-1809)
Boworn Maha Senanurak สมเด็จพระบวรราชเจ้า กรมพระราชวังบวรมหาเสนานุรักษ์ (1809-1817)
Boworn Maha Sakpolsep สมเด็จพระบวรราชเจ้า กรมพระราชวังบวรมหาศักดิ์พลเสพ (1824-1832)
Pinklao พระบาทสมเด็จพระปิ่นเกล้าเจ้าอยู่หัว (1851-1866)
Boworn Vichaicharn สมเด็จพระบวรราชเจ้า กรมพระราชวังบวรวิไชยชาญ (1868-1885)
Regents
When the King is unable to perform his royal duties - because of being underaged, he is sent out of the country for a prolonged time or staying in a monastery as a monk - a regent takes over his duties.
List of Regents
Somdet Chao Phraya Si Suriyawongse (1868-1873), until King Chulalongkorn became 20 years old
Queen Sripatcharinthara or Queen Saovabha (1897), while King Chulalongkorn travelled to Europe in 1897
Prince Narisaranuwadtiwongse (1934-1935)
Prince Oscar Anuvatana (1935)
Prince Aditya Dibabha (1935-1944)
Pridi Banomyong (1944-1946)
Rangsit, Prince of Chainat (1946)
Prince Dhanivat Bidyalabh Bridhyakon (1946-1950), until King Bhumibol Adulyadej finished his studies in Switzerland
Queen Sirikit Kitiyakara (1956), while King Bhumibol Adulyadej was a Buddhist monk
Princess Mother Srinagarindra (1960), while King Bhumibol Adulyadej and Queen Sirikit travelled to Europe.
Buddha Yodfa Chulalok the Great (Rama I)
พระบาทสมเด็จพระพุทธยอดฟ้าจุฬาโลกมหาราช (6 April 1782 - 7 September 1809)
Buddha Loetla Nabhalai (Rama II)
พระบาทสมเด็จพระพุทธเลิศหล้านภาลัย (7 September 1809 - 21 July 1824)
Nangklao (Rama III)
พระบาทสมเด็จพระนั่งเกล้าเจ้าอยู่หัว (21 July 1824 - 2 April 1851)
Mongkut (Rama IV)
พระบาทสมเด็จพระจอมเกล้าเจ้าอยู่หัว (3 April 1851 - 1 October 1868)
Chulalongkorn the Great (Rama V)
พระบาทสมเด็จพระจุลจอมเกล้าเจ้าอยู่หัว "พระปิยมหาราช" (2 October 1868 - 23 October 1910)
Vajiravudh (Rama VI)
พระบาทสมเด็จพระมงกุฎเกล้าเจ้าอยู่หัว (23 October 1910 - 26 November 1925)
Prajadhipok (Rama VII)
พระบาทสมเด็จพระปกเกล้าเจ้าอยู่หัว (26 November 1925 - 2 March 1935)
Ananda Mahidol (Rama VIII)
พระบาทสมเด็จพระเจ้าอยู่หัวอานันทมหิดล (2 March 1935 - 9 June 1946)
Bhumibol Adulyadej the Great (Rama IX)
พระบาทสมเด็จพระเจ้าอยู่หัวภูมิพลอดุลยเดชมหาราช (9 June 1946 - Present)
Vice-Kings
Until 1885 every king had a vice-king (Maha Uparaja, also often translated as second king), usually the brother of the king and the designated heir to the throne - however Rama II was the only former vice-king who actually ascended to the throne. When the vice-king died before the king, the title often remained vacant for several years. The system was abolished by King Chulalongkorn when his vice-king Bovorn Vichaicharn died. He then declared his oldest son the crown prince, but not vice-king.
List of Vice-Kings
Boworn Maha Surasinghanat สมเด็จพระบวรราชเจ้า กรมพระราชวังบวรมหาสุรสิงหนาท (1782-1802)
Isarasundhorn (later Rama II) (1806-1809)
Boworn Maha Senanurak สมเด็จพระบวรราชเจ้า กรมพระราชวังบวรมหาเสนานุรักษ์ (1809-1817)
Boworn Maha Sakpolsep สมเด็จพระบวรราชเจ้า กรมพระราชวังบวรมหาศักดิ์พลเสพ (1824-1832)
Pinklao พระบาทสมเด็จพระปิ่นเกล้าเจ้าอยู่หัว (1851-1866)
Boworn Vichaicharn สมเด็จพระบวรราชเจ้า กรมพระราชวังบวรวิไชยชาญ (1868-1885)
Regents
When the King is unable to perform his royal duties - because of being underaged, he is sent out of the country for a prolonged time or staying in a monastery as a monk - a regent takes over his duties.
List of Regents
Somdet Chao Phraya Si Suriyawongse (1868-1873), until King Chulalongkorn became 20 years old
Queen Sripatcharinthara or Queen Saovabha (1897), while King Chulalongkorn travelled to Europe in 1897
Prince Narisaranuwadtiwongse (1934-1935)
Prince Oscar Anuvatana (1935)
Prince Aditya Dibabha (1935-1944)
Pridi Banomyong (1944-1946)
Rangsit, Prince of Chainat (1946)
Prince Dhanivat Bidyalabh Bridhyakon (1946-1950), until King Bhumibol Adulyadej finished his studies in Switzerland
Queen Sirikit Kitiyakara (1956), while King Bhumibol Adulyadej was a Buddhist monk
Princess Mother Srinagarindra (1960), while King Bhumibol Adulyadej and Queen Sirikit travelled to Europe.
Heads of state of Cape Verde
List of Heads of State of Cape Verde
Republic of Cape Verde (Republica de Cabo Verde)
8 July 1975 to 22 March 1991 Aristides Maria Pereira, President PAICV
22 March 1991 to 22 March 2001 António Mascarenhas Monteiro, President MpD
22 March 2001 to present Pedro Verona Rodrigues Pires, President PAICV
Republic of Cape Verde (Republica de Cabo Verde)
8 July 1975 to 22 March 1991 Aristides Maria Pereira, President PAICV
22 March 1991 to 22 March 2001 António Mascarenhas Monteiro, President MpD
22 March 2001 to present Pedro Verona Rodrigues Pires, President PAICV
Heads of government of Cape Verde
List of Heads of Government of Cape Verde
(Dates in italics indicate de facto continuation of office)
Republic of Cape Verde (Republica de Cabo Verde)
8 July 1975 to 4 April 1991 Pedro Verona Rodrigues Pires, Prime Minister PAICV
4 April 1991 to 5 October 2000 Carlos Alberto Wahnon de Carvarlho Veiga, Prime Minister MpD
29 July 2000 to 5 October 2000 Gualberto do Rosário, acting Prime Minister MpD For Veiga
5 October 2000 to 1 February 2001 Gualberto do Rosário, Prime Minister MpD
1 February 2001 to present José Maria Neves, Prime Minister PAICV
(Dates in italics indicate de facto continuation of office)
Republic of Cape Verde (Republica de Cabo Verde)
8 July 1975 to 4 April 1991 Pedro Verona Rodrigues Pires, Prime Minister PAICV
4 April 1991 to 5 October 2000 Carlos Alberto Wahnon de Carvarlho Veiga, Prime Minister MpD
29 July 2000 to 5 October 2000 Gualberto do Rosário, acting Prime Minister MpD For Veiga
5 October 2000 to 1 February 2001 Gualberto do Rosário, Prime Minister MpD
1 February 2001 to present José Maria Neves, Prime Minister PAICV
President of Cyprus
The President of Cyprus is the country's head of state. The position was created in 1960, after Cyprus gained its independence from the United Kingdom. Currently, the president of Cyprus is Tassos Papadopoulos.
After the 1974 coup d'état which installed Nikos Sampson, Turkey invaded Northern Cyprus; in 1983, the Turks created and recognized the de facto state Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus. Consequently, the President of Cyprus has not ruled the northern one-third of the island since 1974.
List of presidents
Archbishop Makarios (1960-1974)
Nikos Sampson (1974) the coup d'état-installed dictator who overthrew Makarios in 1974
Glafkos Klerides (1974) Acting President
Archbishop Makarios (1974-1977)
Spyros Kyprianou (1977-1988)
George Vasiliou (1988-1993)
Glafkos Klerides (1993-2003)
Tassos Papadopoulos (2003-present day)
Latest election
Summary of the 16 February 2003 Cypriot presidential election results Candidates and nominating parties Votes %
Tassos Papadopoulos - Democratic Party (Dimokratikon Komma) 213,353 51.5
Glafkos Klerides - Democratic Rally (Dimokratikos Sinagermos) 160,724 38.8
Alecos Markides 27,404 6.6
Nicos Koutsou - New Horizons (Neoi Orizontes) 8,771 2.1
Total (turnout 90.5 % of 476,345 registered votes) valid: 414,193 100.0
After the 1974 coup d'état which installed Nikos Sampson, Turkey invaded Northern Cyprus; in 1983, the Turks created and recognized the de facto state Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus. Consequently, the President of Cyprus has not ruled the northern one-third of the island since 1974.
List of presidents
Archbishop Makarios (1960-1974)
Nikos Sampson (1974) the coup d'état-installed dictator who overthrew Makarios in 1974
Glafkos Klerides (1974) Acting President
Archbishop Makarios (1974-1977)
Spyros Kyprianou (1977-1988)
George Vasiliou (1988-1993)
Glafkos Klerides (1993-2003)
Tassos Papadopoulos (2003-present day)
Latest election
Summary of the 16 February 2003 Cypriot presidential election results Candidates and nominating parties Votes %
Tassos Papadopoulos - Democratic Party (Dimokratikon Komma) 213,353 51.5
Glafkos Klerides - Democratic Rally (Dimokratikos Sinagermos) 160,724 38.8
Alecos Markides 27,404 6.6
Nicos Koutsou - New Horizons (Neoi Orizontes) 8,771 2.1
Total (turnout 90.5 % of 476,345 registered votes) valid: 414,193 100.0
Heads of State of the Democratic Republic of the Congo
Republic of the Congo Independence from Belgium
1 July 1960 to 1 August 1964 Joseph Kasavubu, Head of State ABAKO
31 March 1961 to 5 August 1961 Antoine Gizenga, Head of State MNC-L In rebellion, at Stanleyville
Democratic Republic of the Congo
1 August 1964 to 24 November 1965 Joseph Kasavubu, President ABAKO
25 November 1965 to 1967 Joseph-Désiré Mobutu, President None
1967 to 27 October 1971 Joseph-Désiré Mobutu, President MPR
Republic of Zaire
27 October 1971 to 10 January 1972 Joseph-Désiré Mobutu, President MPR Changed name to Mobutu Sese Seko
10 January 1972 to 16 May 1997 Mobutu Sese Seko, President (contd.); Hitherto named Joseph-Désiré Mobutu
Democratic Republic of the Congo
17 May 1997 to 29 May 1997 Laurent-Désiré Kabila, Head of State AFDL
29 May 1997 to 16 January 2001 Laurent-Désiré Kabila, President
17 January 2001 to 26 January 2001 Joseph Kabila, interim President AFDL
26 January 2001 to 8 April 2003 Joseph Kabila, President
8 April 2003 to 6 December 2006 Joseph Kabila, President
6 December 2006 to present Joseph Kabila, President PPRD First president elect after independence
1 July 1960 to 1 August 1964 Joseph Kasavubu, Head of State ABAKO
31 March 1961 to 5 August 1961 Antoine Gizenga, Head of State MNC-L In rebellion, at Stanleyville
Democratic Republic of the Congo
1 August 1964 to 24 November 1965 Joseph Kasavubu, President ABAKO
25 November 1965 to 1967 Joseph-Désiré Mobutu, President None
1967 to 27 October 1971 Joseph-Désiré Mobutu, President MPR
Republic of Zaire
27 October 1971 to 10 January 1972 Joseph-Désiré Mobutu, President MPR Changed name to Mobutu Sese Seko
10 January 1972 to 16 May 1997 Mobutu Sese Seko, President (contd.); Hitherto named Joseph-Désiré Mobutu
Democratic Republic of the Congo
17 May 1997 to 29 May 1997 Laurent-Désiré Kabila, Head of State AFDL
29 May 1997 to 16 January 2001 Laurent-Désiré Kabila, President
17 January 2001 to 26 January 2001 Joseph Kabila, interim President AFDL
26 January 2001 to 8 April 2003 Joseph Kabila, President
8 April 2003 to 6 December 2006 Joseph Kabila, President
6 December 2006 to present Joseph Kabila, President PPRD First president elect after independence
Monday, October 29, 2007
Heads of state of Côte d'Ivoire
Heads of state of Côte d'Ivoire
President
Laurent Gbagbo
Prime Minister
Guillaume Soro
National Assembly
Elections
Political Parties
Regions
Departments
Civil war
UNOCI
Foreign relations
Latest election
Summary of the 22 October 2000 Côte d'Ivoire presidential election results Candidates - parties Votes %
Laurent Gbagbo - Ivorian Popular Front 59.4
Robert Guéï 32.7
Francis Wodié - Ivorian Workers' Party 5.7
Théodore Mel - Union of Democrats of Côte d'Ivoire 1.5
Nocolas Dioulou 0.8
Total (turnout 37.4 %) 100.0
Source: Reuters.
Boycotting parties:
Rally of the Republicans
Democratic Party of Côte d'Ivoire
List Dates in italics indicate de facto continuation of office.
Tenure Incumbent Affiliation Notes
Republic of Ivory Coast (République de Côte d'Ivoire)
7 August 1960 to 3 November 1960 Félix Houphouët-Boigny, Head of State PDCI
3 November 1960 to 1985 Félix Houphouët-Boigny, President
Republic of Côte d'Ivoire (République de Côte d'Ivoire)
1985 to 7 December 1993 Félix Houphouët-Boigny, President PDCI
7 December 1993 to 24 December 1999 Aimé Henri Konan Bédié, President PDCI
25 December 1999 to 4 January 2000 Robert Guéï, President of the National Public Salvation Committee Mil
4 January 2000 to 25 October 2000 Robert Guéï, President
26 October 2000 to present Laurent Gbagbo, President FPI
Wikipedia
President
Laurent Gbagbo
Prime Minister
Guillaume Soro
National Assembly
Elections
Political Parties
Regions
Departments
Civil war
UNOCI
Foreign relations
Latest election
Summary of the 22 October 2000 Côte d'Ivoire presidential election results Candidates - parties Votes %
Laurent Gbagbo - Ivorian Popular Front 59.4
Robert Guéï 32.7
Francis Wodié - Ivorian Workers' Party 5.7
Théodore Mel - Union of Democrats of Côte d'Ivoire 1.5
Nocolas Dioulou 0.8
Total (turnout 37.4 %) 100.0
Source: Reuters.
Boycotting parties:
Rally of the Republicans
Democratic Party of Côte d'Ivoire
List Dates in italics indicate de facto continuation of office.
Tenure Incumbent Affiliation Notes
Republic of Ivory Coast (République de Côte d'Ivoire)
7 August 1960 to 3 November 1960 Félix Houphouët-Boigny, Head of State PDCI
3 November 1960 to 1985 Félix Houphouët-Boigny, President
Republic of Côte d'Ivoire (République de Côte d'Ivoire)
1985 to 7 December 1993 Félix Houphouët-Boigny, President PDCI
7 December 1993 to 24 December 1999 Aimé Henri Konan Bédié, President PDCI
25 December 1999 to 4 January 2000 Robert Guéï, President of the National Public Salvation Committee Mil
4 January 2000 to 25 October 2000 Robert Guéï, President
26 October 2000 to present Laurent Gbagbo, President FPI
Wikipedia
Wednesday, October 24, 2007
List of Presidents of Cuba
List of Presidents of Cuba
Tomás Estrada Palma: 20 Mei 1902 - 28 September 1906
Gubernur yang dilantik pemerintah AS
William Howard Taft: 29 September - 13 Oktober 1906
Charles Magoon: 13 Oktober 1906 - 28 Januari 1909
José Miguel Gómez: 28 Januari 1909 - 20 Mei 1913
Mario García Menocal: 20 Mei 1913 - 20 Mei 1921
Alfredo Zayas: 20 Mei 1921 - 20 Mei 1925
Gerard Machado: 20 Mei 1925 - 24 Agustus 1933
Carlos Manuel de Céspedes (sementara): 13 Agustus - 5 September 1933
Ramón Grau San Martín: 10 September 1933 - 15 Januari 1934
Carlos Hevia (sementara): 15 - 18 Januari 1934
Carlos Mendieta (sementara): 18 Januari 1934 - 11 Desember 1935
José Agripino Barnet (sementara): 11 Desember 1935 - 20 Mei 1936
Miguel Mariano Gómez: 20 Mei - 24 Desember 1936
Federico Laredo Brú: 24 Desember 1936 - 10 Oktober 1940
Fulgencio Batista: 10 Oktober 1940 - 10 Oktober 1944
Ramón Grau San Martín: 10 Oktober 1944 - 10 Oktober 1948
Carlos Prío Socarrás: 10 Oktober 1948 - 10 Maret 1952
Fulgencio Batista: 10 Maret 1952 - 1 Januari 1959
Anselmo Alliegro (sementara): 1 - 2 Januari 1959
Carlos Manuel Piedra (interim): 2 Januari 1959
Manuel Urrutia Lleó: 3 Januari - 17 Juli 1959
Osvaldo Dorticós Torrado: 18 Juli 1959 - 2 Desember 1976
Fidel Castro: 3 Desember 1976 -
Wikipedia
Tomás Estrada Palma: 20 Mei 1902 - 28 September 1906
Gubernur yang dilantik pemerintah AS
William Howard Taft: 29 September - 13 Oktober 1906
Charles Magoon: 13 Oktober 1906 - 28 Januari 1909
José Miguel Gómez: 28 Januari 1909 - 20 Mei 1913
Mario García Menocal: 20 Mei 1913 - 20 Mei 1921
Alfredo Zayas: 20 Mei 1921 - 20 Mei 1925
Gerard Machado: 20 Mei 1925 - 24 Agustus 1933
Carlos Manuel de Céspedes (sementara): 13 Agustus - 5 September 1933
Ramón Grau San Martín: 10 September 1933 - 15 Januari 1934
Carlos Hevia (sementara): 15 - 18 Januari 1934
Carlos Mendieta (sementara): 18 Januari 1934 - 11 Desember 1935
José Agripino Barnet (sementara): 11 Desember 1935 - 20 Mei 1936
Miguel Mariano Gómez: 20 Mei - 24 Desember 1936
Federico Laredo Brú: 24 Desember 1936 - 10 Oktober 1940
Fulgencio Batista: 10 Oktober 1940 - 10 Oktober 1944
Ramón Grau San Martín: 10 Oktober 1944 - 10 Oktober 1948
Carlos Prío Socarrás: 10 Oktober 1948 - 10 Maret 1952
Fulgencio Batista: 10 Maret 1952 - 1 Januari 1959
Anselmo Alliegro (sementara): 1 - 2 Januari 1959
Carlos Manuel Piedra (interim): 2 Januari 1959
Manuel Urrutia Lleó: 3 Januari - 17 Juli 1959
Osvaldo Dorticós Torrado: 18 Juli 1959 - 2 Desember 1976
Fidel Castro: 3 Desember 1976 -
Wikipedia
Heads of State of Costa Rica
Heads of State of Costa Rica
Juan Mora Fernández 1825-1833 Two successive periods; re-elected in 1829.
José Rafael de Gallegos y Alvarado 1833-1835
Manuel Fernández Chacón 1835
Braulio Carrillo Colina 1835-1837 First term.
Manuel Aguilar Chacón 1837-1838
Braulio Carrillo Colina 1838-1842 Second term.
Francisco Morazán Quesada Apr-Sep 1842 Deposed by popular uprising; executed 15 September 1842.
Antonio Pinto Soares Sept 1842 Came to power in popular uprising, and quickly resigned.
José María Alfaro Zamora 1842-1844 First term.
Francisco María Oreamuno Bonilla 1844-1846
José María Alfaro Zamora 1846-1847 Second term.
José María Castro Madriz 1847-1848
Presidents of the Republic of Costa Rica Term Party Notes
José María Castro Madriz 1848-1849 "Founder of the Republic". First presidential term.
Miguel Mora Porras 1849
Juan Rafael Mora Porras 1849-1859
José María Montealegre Fernández 1859-1863
Jesús Jiménez Zamora 1863-1866 First term.
José María Castro Madriz 1866-1868 Second presidential term.
Jesús Jiménez Zamora 1868-1870 Second term.
Bruno Carranza Ramírez Apr-Aug 1870 Coup d'état.
Tomás Guardia Gutiérrez 1870-1876 First term.
Aniceto Esquivel Sáenz May-Jul 1876 Coup d'état.
Vicente Herrera Zeledón 1876-1877
Tomás Guardia Gutiérrez 1877-1882 Second term.
Saturnino Lizano Gutiérrez 1882
Próspero Fernández Oreamuno 1882-1885 Died in office.
Bernardo Soto Alfaro 1885-1890 Elected in his own right in 1886.
José Joaquín Rodríguez Zeledón 1890-1894
Rafael Yglesias Castro 1894-1902 Two consecutive terms.
Ascensión Esquivel Ibarra 1902-1906
Cleto González Víquez 1906-1910 First term.
Ricardo Jiménez Oreamuno 1910-1914 Son of Jesús Jiménez Zamora. First term.
Alfredo González Flores 1914-1917 Deposed by Tinoco in a coup.
Federico Tinoco Granados 1917-1919 Two consecutive terms. Overthrown by popular uprising.
Juan Bautista Quirós Segura Aug-Sep 1919 Forced to resign by the U.S. government.
Francisco Aguilar Barquero 1919-1920 Interim presidency; dictatorial powers.
Julio Acosta García 1920-1924
Ricardo Jiménez Oreamuno 1924-1928 Second term.
Cleto González Víquez 1928-1932 Second term.
Ricardo Jiménez Oreamuno 1932-1936 Third term.
León Cortés Castro 1936-1940
Rafael Ángel Calderón Guardia 1940-1944
Teodoro Picado Michalski 1944-1948
José Figueres Ferrer 1948-1949 PLN Came to power in civil war. Returned power to elected president after re-organizing the government. First term.
Luis Rafael Otilio Ulate Blanco 1949-1953
José Figueres Ferrer 1953-1958 PLN Second term.
Mario Echandi Jiménez 1958-1962
Francisco Orlich Bolmarcich 1962-1966 PLN
José Joaquín Trejos Fernández 1966-1970
José Figueres Ferrer 1970-1974 PLN Third term. Presidential re-election disallowed.
Daniel Oduber Quirós 1974-1978 PLN
Rodrigo Alberto Carazo Odio 1978-1982 PUSC
Luis Alberto Monge Álvarez 1982-1986 PLN
Óscar Arias Sánchez 1986-1990 PLN First term; Nobel Peace Prize winner 1987.
Rafael Ángel Calderón Fournier 1990-1994 PUSC Son of Rafael Ángel Calderón Guardia.
José María Figueres Olsen 1994-1998 PLN Son of José Figueres Ferrer.
Miguel Ángel Rodríguez Echeverría 1998-2002 PUSC
Abel Pacheco de la Espriella 2002-2006 PUSC Presidential re-election re-instated.
Óscar Arias Sánchez 2006-2010 PLN Second term
Juan Mora Fernández 1825-1833 Two successive periods; re-elected in 1829.
José Rafael de Gallegos y Alvarado 1833-1835
Manuel Fernández Chacón 1835
Braulio Carrillo Colina 1835-1837 First term.
Manuel Aguilar Chacón 1837-1838
Braulio Carrillo Colina 1838-1842 Second term.
Francisco Morazán Quesada Apr-Sep 1842 Deposed by popular uprising; executed 15 September 1842.
Antonio Pinto Soares Sept 1842 Came to power in popular uprising, and quickly resigned.
José María Alfaro Zamora 1842-1844 First term.
Francisco María Oreamuno Bonilla 1844-1846
José María Alfaro Zamora 1846-1847 Second term.
José María Castro Madriz 1847-1848
Presidents of the Republic of Costa Rica Term Party Notes
José María Castro Madriz 1848-1849 "Founder of the Republic". First presidential term.
Miguel Mora Porras 1849
Juan Rafael Mora Porras 1849-1859
José María Montealegre Fernández 1859-1863
Jesús Jiménez Zamora 1863-1866 First term.
José María Castro Madriz 1866-1868 Second presidential term.
Jesús Jiménez Zamora 1868-1870 Second term.
Bruno Carranza Ramírez Apr-Aug 1870 Coup d'état.
Tomás Guardia Gutiérrez 1870-1876 First term.
Aniceto Esquivel Sáenz May-Jul 1876 Coup d'état.
Vicente Herrera Zeledón 1876-1877
Tomás Guardia Gutiérrez 1877-1882 Second term.
Saturnino Lizano Gutiérrez 1882
Próspero Fernández Oreamuno 1882-1885 Died in office.
Bernardo Soto Alfaro 1885-1890 Elected in his own right in 1886.
José Joaquín Rodríguez Zeledón 1890-1894
Rafael Yglesias Castro 1894-1902 Two consecutive terms.
Ascensión Esquivel Ibarra 1902-1906
Cleto González Víquez 1906-1910 First term.
Ricardo Jiménez Oreamuno 1910-1914 Son of Jesús Jiménez Zamora. First term.
Alfredo González Flores 1914-1917 Deposed by Tinoco in a coup.
Federico Tinoco Granados 1917-1919 Two consecutive terms. Overthrown by popular uprising.
Juan Bautista Quirós Segura Aug-Sep 1919 Forced to resign by the U.S. government.
Francisco Aguilar Barquero 1919-1920 Interim presidency; dictatorial powers.
Julio Acosta García 1920-1924
Ricardo Jiménez Oreamuno 1924-1928 Second term.
Cleto González Víquez 1928-1932 Second term.
Ricardo Jiménez Oreamuno 1932-1936 Third term.
León Cortés Castro 1936-1940
Rafael Ángel Calderón Guardia 1940-1944
Teodoro Picado Michalski 1944-1948
José Figueres Ferrer 1948-1949 PLN Came to power in civil war. Returned power to elected president after re-organizing the government. First term.
Luis Rafael Otilio Ulate Blanco 1949-1953
José Figueres Ferrer 1953-1958 PLN Second term.
Mario Echandi Jiménez 1958-1962
Francisco Orlich Bolmarcich 1962-1966 PLN
José Joaquín Trejos Fernández 1966-1970
José Figueres Ferrer 1970-1974 PLN Third term. Presidential re-election disallowed.
Daniel Oduber Quirós 1974-1978 PLN
Rodrigo Alberto Carazo Odio 1978-1982 PUSC
Luis Alberto Monge Álvarez 1982-1986 PLN
Óscar Arias Sánchez 1986-1990 PLN First term; Nobel Peace Prize winner 1987.
Rafael Ángel Calderón Fournier 1990-1994 PUSC Son of Rafael Ángel Calderón Guardia.
José María Figueres Olsen 1994-1998 PLN Son of José Figueres Ferrer.
Miguel Ángel Rodríguez Echeverría 1998-2002 PUSC
Abel Pacheco de la Espriella 2002-2006 PUSC Presidential re-election re-instated.
Óscar Arias Sánchez 2006-2010 PLN Second term
Heads of State of the Republic of the Congo
List of Heads of State of the Republic of the Congo (Congo-Brazzaville)
Tenure Incumbent Affiliation Notes
Republic of the Congo
15 August 1960 to 15 August 1963 Abbé Fulbert Youlou, President UDDIA Continued to use title 'Abbot' despite being suspended by the church on entering politics. Deposed in a coup d'etat
15 August 1963 to 16 August 1963 David Moussaka, and Mil
Félix Mouzabakani, Officers in charge of the Provisional Government Mil
16 August 1963 Presidency suspended
16 August 1963 to 19 December 1963 Alphonse Massemba-Débat, Chairman of the National Council of the Revolution MNR
19 December 1963 to 2 August 1968 Alphonse Massemba-Débat, President Deposed
3 August 1968 to 4 August 1968 Augustin Poignet, acting President For Massemba-Débat
4 August 1968 to 4 September 1968 Alphonse Massemba-Débat, President MNR Restored; executed March 1977
4 September 1968 to 5 September 1968 Marien Ngouabi, Chairman of the National Council of the Revolution Mil 1st Term
5 September 1968 to 1 January 1969 Major Alfred Raoul, acting Head of State Mil
1 January 1969 to January 3, 1970 Major Marien Ngouabi, Head of State Mil/PCT
People’s Republic of the Congo (République populaire du Congo)
3 January 1970 to 18 March 1977 Major Marien Ngouabi, Head of State Mil/PCT A 'new state' deemed to have been created from 3 Jan 1970; Assassinated
18 March 1977 Presidency suspended
18 March 1977 to 3 April 1977 Military Committee of the Congolese Labour Party:-
Colonel Jacques Yhombi-Opango Mil/PCT
Denis Sassou-Nguesso Mil/PCT
Louis Sylvain Goma Mil/PCT
Jean-Michel Ebaka Mil/PCT
Raymond Damase Ngollo Mil/PCT
Martin Mbia Mil/PCT
Pascal Bima Mil/PCT
Nicolas Okongo Mil/PCT
François Xavier Katali Mil/PCT
Florent Tsiba Mil/PCT
Pierre Anga Mil/PCT
3 April 1977 to 5 February 1979 Colonel Jacques Yhombi-Opango, Head of State Mil/PCT
5 February 1979 to 8 February 1979 Jean-Pierre Thystère Tchicaya, Chairman of the Presidium of the Central Committee of the Congolese Labour Party PCT
8 February 1979 to 14 August 1979 Denis Sassou-Nguesso, Head of State PCT
14 August 1979 to 31 August 1992 Denis Sassou-Nguesso, President
Republic of the Congo (République du Congo)
31 August 1992 to 15 October 1997 Pascal Lissouba, President UPADS
25 October 1997 to present Denis Sassou-Nguesso, President PCT Re-elected March 2002
Wikipedia
Tenure Incumbent Affiliation Notes
Republic of the Congo
15 August 1960 to 15 August 1963 Abbé Fulbert Youlou, President UDDIA Continued to use title 'Abbot' despite being suspended by the church on entering politics. Deposed in a coup d'etat
15 August 1963 to 16 August 1963 David Moussaka, and Mil
Félix Mouzabakani, Officers in charge of the Provisional Government Mil
16 August 1963 Presidency suspended
16 August 1963 to 19 December 1963 Alphonse Massemba-Débat, Chairman of the National Council of the Revolution MNR
19 December 1963 to 2 August 1968 Alphonse Massemba-Débat, President Deposed
3 August 1968 to 4 August 1968 Augustin Poignet, acting President For Massemba-Débat
4 August 1968 to 4 September 1968 Alphonse Massemba-Débat, President MNR Restored; executed March 1977
4 September 1968 to 5 September 1968 Marien Ngouabi, Chairman of the National Council of the Revolution Mil 1st Term
5 September 1968 to 1 January 1969 Major Alfred Raoul, acting Head of State Mil
1 January 1969 to January 3, 1970 Major Marien Ngouabi, Head of State Mil/PCT
People’s Republic of the Congo (République populaire du Congo)
3 January 1970 to 18 March 1977 Major Marien Ngouabi, Head of State Mil/PCT A 'new state' deemed to have been created from 3 Jan 1970; Assassinated
18 March 1977 Presidency suspended
18 March 1977 to 3 April 1977 Military Committee of the Congolese Labour Party:-
Colonel Jacques Yhombi-Opango Mil/PCT
Denis Sassou-Nguesso Mil/PCT
Louis Sylvain Goma Mil/PCT
Jean-Michel Ebaka Mil/PCT
Raymond Damase Ngollo Mil/PCT
Martin Mbia Mil/PCT
Pascal Bima Mil/PCT
Nicolas Okongo Mil/PCT
François Xavier Katali Mil/PCT
Florent Tsiba Mil/PCT
Pierre Anga Mil/PCT
3 April 1977 to 5 February 1979 Colonel Jacques Yhombi-Opango, Head of State Mil/PCT
5 February 1979 to 8 February 1979 Jean-Pierre Thystère Tchicaya, Chairman of the Presidium of the Central Committee of the Congolese Labour Party PCT
8 February 1979 to 14 August 1979 Denis Sassou-Nguesso, Head of State PCT
14 August 1979 to 31 August 1992 Denis Sassou-Nguesso, President
Republic of the Congo (République du Congo)
31 August 1992 to 15 October 1997 Pascal Lissouba, President UPADS
25 October 1997 to present Denis Sassou-Nguesso, President PCT Re-elected March 2002
Wikipedia
Heads of State of the Republic of the Congo
List of Heads of State of the Republic of the Congo (Congo-Brazzaville)
Tenure Incumbent Affiliation Notes
Republic of the Congo
15 August 1960 to 15 August 1963 Abbé Fulbert Youlou, President UDDIA Continued to use title 'Abbot' despite being suspended by the church on entering politics. Deposed in a coup d'etat
15 August 1963 to 16 August 1963 David Moussaka, and Mil
Félix Mouzabakani, Officers in charge of the Provisional Government Mil
16 August 1963 Presidency suspended
16 August 1963 to 19 December 1963 Alphonse Massemba-Débat, Chairman of the National Council of the Revolution MNR
19 December 1963 to 2 August 1968 Alphonse Massemba-Débat, President Deposed
3 August 1968 to 4 August 1968 Augustin Poignet, acting President For Massemba-Débat
4 August 1968 to 4 September 1968 Alphonse Massemba-Débat, President MNR Restored; executed March 1977
4 September 1968 to 5 September 1968 Marien Ngouabi, Chairman of the National Council of the Revolution Mil 1st Term
5 September 1968 to 1 January 1969 Major Alfred Raoul, acting Head of State Mil
1 January 1969 to January 3, 1970 Major Marien Ngouabi, Head of State Mil/PCT
People’s Republic of the Congo (République populaire du Congo)
3 January 1970 to 18 March 1977 Major Marien Ngouabi, Head of State Mil/PCT A 'new state' deemed to have been created from 3 Jan 1970; Assassinated
18 March 1977 Presidency suspended
18 March 1977 to 3 April 1977 Military Committee of the Congolese Labour Party:-
Colonel Jacques Yhombi-Opango Mil/PCT
Denis Sassou-Nguesso Mil/PCT
Louis Sylvain Goma Mil/PCT
Jean-Michel Ebaka Mil/PCT
Raymond Damase Ngollo Mil/PCT
Martin Mbia Mil/PCT
Pascal Bima Mil/PCT
Nicolas Okongo Mil/PCT
François Xavier Katali Mil/PCT
Florent Tsiba Mil/PCT
Pierre Anga Mil/PCT
3 April 1977 to 5 February 1979 Colonel Jacques Yhombi-Opango, Head of State Mil/PCT
5 February 1979 to 8 February 1979 Jean-Pierre Thystère Tchicaya, Chairman of the Presidium of the Central Committee of the Congolese Labour Party PCT
8 February 1979 to 14 August 1979 Denis Sassou-Nguesso, Head of State PCT
14 August 1979 to 31 August 1992 Denis Sassou-Nguesso, President
Republic of the Congo (République du Congo)
31 August 1992 to 15 October 1997 Pascal Lissouba, President UPADS
25 October 1997 to present Denis Sassou-Nguesso, President PCT Re-elected March 2002
Wikipedia
Tenure Incumbent Affiliation Notes
Republic of the Congo
15 August 1960 to 15 August 1963 Abbé Fulbert Youlou, President UDDIA Continued to use title 'Abbot' despite being suspended by the church on entering politics. Deposed in a coup d'etat
15 August 1963 to 16 August 1963 David Moussaka, and Mil
Félix Mouzabakani, Officers in charge of the Provisional Government Mil
16 August 1963 Presidency suspended
16 August 1963 to 19 December 1963 Alphonse Massemba-Débat, Chairman of the National Council of the Revolution MNR
19 December 1963 to 2 August 1968 Alphonse Massemba-Débat, President Deposed
3 August 1968 to 4 August 1968 Augustin Poignet, acting President For Massemba-Débat
4 August 1968 to 4 September 1968 Alphonse Massemba-Débat, President MNR Restored; executed March 1977
4 September 1968 to 5 September 1968 Marien Ngouabi, Chairman of the National Council of the Revolution Mil 1st Term
5 September 1968 to 1 January 1969 Major Alfred Raoul, acting Head of State Mil
1 January 1969 to January 3, 1970 Major Marien Ngouabi, Head of State Mil/PCT
People’s Republic of the Congo (République populaire du Congo)
3 January 1970 to 18 March 1977 Major Marien Ngouabi, Head of State Mil/PCT A 'new state' deemed to have been created from 3 Jan 1970; Assassinated
18 March 1977 Presidency suspended
18 March 1977 to 3 April 1977 Military Committee of the Congolese Labour Party:-
Colonel Jacques Yhombi-Opango Mil/PCT
Denis Sassou-Nguesso Mil/PCT
Louis Sylvain Goma Mil/PCT
Jean-Michel Ebaka Mil/PCT
Raymond Damase Ngollo Mil/PCT
Martin Mbia Mil/PCT
Pascal Bima Mil/PCT
Nicolas Okongo Mil/PCT
François Xavier Katali Mil/PCT
Florent Tsiba Mil/PCT
Pierre Anga Mil/PCT
3 April 1977 to 5 February 1979 Colonel Jacques Yhombi-Opango, Head of State Mil/PCT
5 February 1979 to 8 February 1979 Jean-Pierre Thystère Tchicaya, Chairman of the Presidium of the Central Committee of the Congolese Labour Party PCT
8 February 1979 to 14 August 1979 Denis Sassou-Nguesso, Head of State PCT
14 August 1979 to 31 August 1992 Denis Sassou-Nguesso, President
Republic of the Congo (République du Congo)
31 August 1992 to 15 October 1997 Pascal Lissouba, President UPADS
25 October 1997 to present Denis Sassou-Nguesso, President PCT Re-elected March 2002
Wikipedia
List of Heads of State of the Comoros
List of Heads of State of the Comoros
Tenure Incumbent Affiliation Notes
State of Comoros Independence from France
(Etat Comorien)
6 July 1975 to 7 July 1975 Ahmed Abdallah, President of the Government UDC 1st Term
7 July 1975 to 3 August 1975 Ahmed Abdallah, Head of State 1st Term (contd.)
3 August 1975 to 10 August 1975 Said Mohamed Jaffar, Chairman of the National Council of the Revolution UNF
10 August 1975 to 3 January 1976 Said Mohamed Jaffar, Chairman of the National Executive Council
3 January 1976 to 28 October 1977 Ali Soilih, Head of State RDPC
28 October 1977 to 13 May 1978 Ali Soilih, President
13 May 1978 to 23 May 1978 Said Atthoumani, Chairman of the Politico-Military Directorate UNF
Federal and Islamic Republic of Comoros
(République Fédérale Islamique des Comores)
(Jumhuriyat al-Qumur al-Itthadiyah al-Islamiyah)
23 May 1978 to 22 July 1978 Ahmed Abdallah, Co-Chairman of the Politico-Military Directorate UDC 2nd Term
Mohamed Ahmed, Co-Chairman of the Politico-Military Directorate UDC
22 July 1978 to 3 October 1978 Ahmed Abdallah, Co-Chairman of the Directorate UDC
Mohamed Ahmed, Co-Chairman of the Directorate UDC
3 October 1978 to 25 October 1978 Ahmed Abdallah, Chairman of the Directorate UDC
25 October 1978 to 26/27 November 1989 Ahmed Abdallah, President UDC/UCP 3rd Term
26 November 1989 to 27 November 1989 Haribon Chebani, Provisional President UCP
27 November 1989 to 20 March 1990 Said Mohamed Djohar, acting President
20 March 1990 to 29 September 1995 Said Mohamed Djohar, President 1st Term
29 September 1995 to 2 October 1995 Ayouba Combo, Coordinator of the Transitional Military Committee Mil
2 October 1995 to 5 October 1995 Mohamed Taki Abdoulkarim, President 1st Term
Said Ali Kemal, acting President
5 October 1995 to 26 January 1996 Caabi El-Yachroutu Mohamed, interim President
26 January 1996 to 25 March 1996 Said Mohamed Djohar, President 2nd Term
25 March 1996 to 6 November 1998 Mohamed Taki Abdoulkarim, President RND 2nd Term
6 November 1998 to 30 April 1999 Tadjidine Ben Said Massounde, interim President
30 April 1999 to 6 May 1999 Azali Assoumani, Chief of Staff of the National Development Army Mil 1st Term
6 May 1999 to 23 December 2001 Azali Assoumani, Head of State 1st Term (contd.)
Union of Comoros (Union des Comores)
الاتحاد القمر (Udzima wa Komori)
21 December 2001 to 21 January 2002 Azali Assoumani, Head of State Mil 1st Term (contd.)
21 January 2002 to 26 May 2002 Hamada Madi Bolero, interim President
26 May 2002 to 26 May 2006 Azali Assoumani, President 2nd Term
26 May 2006 to present Ahmed Abdallah Mohamed Sambi, President
Wikipedia
Tenure Incumbent Affiliation Notes
State of Comoros Independence from France
(Etat Comorien)
6 July 1975 to 7 July 1975 Ahmed Abdallah, President of the Government UDC 1st Term
7 July 1975 to 3 August 1975 Ahmed Abdallah, Head of State 1st Term (contd.)
3 August 1975 to 10 August 1975 Said Mohamed Jaffar, Chairman of the National Council of the Revolution UNF
10 August 1975 to 3 January 1976 Said Mohamed Jaffar, Chairman of the National Executive Council
3 January 1976 to 28 October 1977 Ali Soilih, Head of State RDPC
28 October 1977 to 13 May 1978 Ali Soilih, President
13 May 1978 to 23 May 1978 Said Atthoumani, Chairman of the Politico-Military Directorate UNF
Federal and Islamic Republic of Comoros
(République Fédérale Islamique des Comores)
(Jumhuriyat al-Qumur al-Itthadiyah al-Islamiyah)
23 May 1978 to 22 July 1978 Ahmed Abdallah, Co-Chairman of the Politico-Military Directorate UDC 2nd Term
Mohamed Ahmed, Co-Chairman of the Politico-Military Directorate UDC
22 July 1978 to 3 October 1978 Ahmed Abdallah, Co-Chairman of the Directorate UDC
Mohamed Ahmed, Co-Chairman of the Directorate UDC
3 October 1978 to 25 October 1978 Ahmed Abdallah, Chairman of the Directorate UDC
25 October 1978 to 26/27 November 1989 Ahmed Abdallah, President UDC/UCP 3rd Term
26 November 1989 to 27 November 1989 Haribon Chebani, Provisional President UCP
27 November 1989 to 20 March 1990 Said Mohamed Djohar, acting President
20 March 1990 to 29 September 1995 Said Mohamed Djohar, President 1st Term
29 September 1995 to 2 October 1995 Ayouba Combo, Coordinator of the Transitional Military Committee Mil
2 October 1995 to 5 October 1995 Mohamed Taki Abdoulkarim, President 1st Term
Said Ali Kemal, acting President
5 October 1995 to 26 January 1996 Caabi El-Yachroutu Mohamed, interim President
26 January 1996 to 25 March 1996 Said Mohamed Djohar, President 2nd Term
25 March 1996 to 6 November 1998 Mohamed Taki Abdoulkarim, President RND 2nd Term
6 November 1998 to 30 April 1999 Tadjidine Ben Said Massounde, interim President
30 April 1999 to 6 May 1999 Azali Assoumani, Chief of Staff of the National Development Army Mil 1st Term
6 May 1999 to 23 December 2001 Azali Assoumani, Head of State 1st Term (contd.)
Union of Comoros (Union des Comores)
الاتحاد القمر (Udzima wa Komori)
21 December 2001 to 21 January 2002 Azali Assoumani, Head of State Mil 1st Term (contd.)
21 January 2002 to 26 May 2002 Hamada Madi Bolero, interim President
26 May 2002 to 26 May 2006 Azali Assoumani, President 2nd Term
26 May 2006 to present Ahmed Abdallah Mohamed Sambi, President
Wikipedia
List of Presidents of Colombia
The United Provinces of the New Granada (1810-1816)
President of the Supreme Junta of Santafé
José Miguel Pey de Andrade
President of the State of Cundinamarca
Jorge Tadeo Lozano
Antonio Nariño
Manuel Benito de Castro
Antonio Nariño
Manuel de Bernardo Álvarez del Casal
President of the Congress of the United Provinces of the New Granada, entrusted with the Federal Executive Power
Camilo Torres Tenorio
Presidents of the Triumvirate of the United Provinces of the New Granada
José María del Castillo y Rada
Joaquín Camacho
José Fernández Madrid
Custodio García Rovira
Antonio Villavicencio
Manuel Rodríguez Torices
José Miguel Pey de Andrade
President Dictadors of the United Provinces of the New Granada
Camilo Torres Tenorio
José Fernández Madrid
Custodio García Rovira
Liborio Mejía
Fernando Serrano Uribe
The Republic of Greater Colombia (1819-1831)
Under the Constitution of 1821, the President was the head of the executive power. and its time in office was the lifetime of the incumbent. The executive power had also Vicepresidents that assumed in case of death, demotion or illness of the President. Before the Aproval of the Constitution of 1821 by the Congress of Villa del Rosario the President de Facto was Simon Bolívar, and the Vicepresident Francisco de Paula Santander, because the Congress of Angostura provisionally gave them that title until the Constitution was written.
The Republic of Greater Colombia comprised the former territories of the Viceroyalty of the New Grenada, the Capitaincy of Venezuela and the Audience of Quito (Today Ecuador).
Presidents of the Republic of Greater Colombia (1819-1831)
Simón Bolívar (17 December 1819 - 4 May 1830) (President-Libertator from 19 August 1828)
Domingo Caycedo (4 May - 13 June 1830) (1st time, acting)
Joaquín de Mosquera (13 June - 5 September 1830)
Rafael Urdaneta (5 September 1830 - 3 May 1831) (acting)
Domingo Caycedo (3 May - 21 November 1831) (2nd time, acting)
Presidents of the Republic of New Granada (1831-1858)
Domingo Caycedo (21 November - 23 November 1831) (1st time, acting)
José María Obando (23 November 1831 - 10 March 1832) (1st time, acting)
José Ignacio de Márquez (10 March - 7 October 1832) (1st time, acting)
Francisco de Paula Santander (7 October 1832 - 1 April 1837)
José Ignacio de Márquez (1 April 1837 - 1 April 1841) (2nd time)
Domingo Caycedo (1 April - 2 May 1841) (2nd time, acting)
Pedro Alcántara Herrán Zaldúa (2 May 1841 - 1 April 1845)
Tomás Cipriano de Mosquera (1 April 1845 - 1 April 1849) (1st time)
José Hilario López (1 April 1849 - October 14, 1851)
José de Obaldía (October 14, 1851 - January 22, 1852) (Vice-president acting as President in its absence)
José Hilario López (January 22, 1852 - 1 April 1853)
José María Obando (1 April 1853 - 17 April 1854) (2nd time)
José María Melo (17 April - 4 December 1854) (Supreme Chief of the State)
Tomás de Herrera (21 April - 5 August 1854) (acting, in rebellion)
José de Obaldía (4 December 1854 - 1 April 1855) (acting, in rebellion from 5 August 1854)
Manuel Maria Mallarino (1 April 1855 - 1 April 1857) (acting)
Mariano Ospina Rodriguez (1 April 1857 - May 1858)
Presidents of the Grenadine Confederation (1858-1863)
Mariano Ospina Rodriguez (May 1858 - 1 April 1861)
Bartolomé Calvo (1 April - 18 July 1861) (acting)
Tomás Cipriano de Mosquera (18 July 1861 - 4 February 1863) (2nd time, provisional)
Presidents of the United States of Colombia (1863-1886)
Francisco Javier Zaldúa (4 February - 9 February 1863) (President of the Convention)
Eustorgio Salgar (9 February - 14 May 1863) (1st time, President of Executive Ministry)
Tomás Cipriano de Mosquera (14 May 1863 - 8 April 1864) (3rd time, acting from 1 April 1864)
Manuel Murillo Toro (8 April 1864 - 1 April 1866) (1st time)
José María Rojas Garrido (1 April - 22 May 1866) (acting)
Tomás Cipriano de Mosquera (22 May 1866 - 1 November 1867) (4th time)
Joaquín Riascos (12 May - 28 June 1867) (acting, in rebellion)
Santos Acosta (23 May 1867 - 1 April 1868) (acting for suspended Mosquera to 1 November 1867)
Santos Gutiérrez (1 April 1868 - 1 April 1870)
Eustorgio Salgar (1 April 1870 - 1 April 1872) (2nd time)
Manuel Murillo Toro (1 April 1872 - 1 April 1874) (2nd time)
Santiago Perez (1 April 1874 - 1 April 1876)
Aquileo Parra (1 April 1876 - 1 April 1878)
Julian Trujillo Largacha (1 April 1878 - 8 April 1880) (acting from 1 April 1880)
Rafael Núñez (8 April 1880 - 1 April 1882) (1st time)
Francisco Javier Zaldua (1 April - 21 December 1882)
Clímaco Calderón (21 December - 22 December 1882) (acting)
José Eusebio Otalora (22 December 1882 - 1 April 1884)
Ezequiel Hurtado (1 April - 11 August 1884) (acting)
Rafael Núñez (11 August 1884 - 1 April 1886) (2nd time)
Republic of Colombia (1886-Present)
After the War of the Supremes, the economic chaos of the Federal Period, the ex-President Rafael Núñez decided in a second term under the Constitution of Rionegro to draft a new one. The Colombian Constitution of 1886 Under that text the President was the chief of the executive power for 6 years with indefinite reelection (This changed in 1910 to 4 years with non-immediate reelection), and the Senate elected the Designate that acted as President when he died, was absent or deposed.
We must remark, that the Constitution of 1886 has been one of the longest lasting constitutions in the western hemisphere, and with the Reforms of 1910, 1936, 1958, 1968, 1973 and 1986 was the constitution of Colombia until 1991, when a new one was drafted. The Constitution of 1991 is still the constitution of the Republic.
Presidents of the Republic of Colombia (1886-Present)
José María Campo Serrano (1 April - 7 August 1886) (acting)
Eliseo Payán (7 August 1886 - 4 June 1887) (acting)
Rafael Núñez (4 June 1887 - 7 August 1892) (3rd time)
Miguel Antonio Caro (7 August - 29 September 1892) (1st time, acting)
Rafael Núñez (29 September 1892 - 18 September 1894) (4th time)
Miguel Antonio Caro (18 September 1894 - 7 August 1898) (2nd time, acting)
Manuel Antonio Sanclemente (7 August 1898 - 19 March 1902)
José Manuel Marroquín (31 July 1900 - 7 August 1904) (acting for suspended Sanclemente to 19 March 1902)
Rafael Reyes (7 August 1904 - 27 July 1909)
Jorge Holguin (27 July - 4 August 1909) (1st time, acting)
Ramón Gonzalez Valencia (4 August 1909 - 7 August 1910) (provisional)
Carlos E. Restrepo (7 August 1910 - 7 August 1914)
José Vicente Concha (7 August 1914 - 7 August 1918)
Marco Fidel Suarez (7 August 1918 - 7 August 1922)
Jorge Holguin (11 November 1921 - 7 August 1922) (2nd time, acting for Suarez)
Pedro Nel Ospina (7 August 1922 - 7 August 1926)
Miguel Abadia Mendez (7 August 1926 - 7 August 1930)
Enrique Olaya Herrera (7 August 1930 - 7 August 1934)
Alfonso Lopez Pumarejo (7 August 1934 - 7 August 1938) (1st time)
Eduardo Santos Montejo (7 August 1938 - 7 August 1942)
Alfonso Lopez Pumarejo (7 August 1942 - 7 August 1945) (2nd time)
Alberto Lleras Camargo (7 August 1945 - 7 August 1946) (1st time, acting)
Mariano Ospina Perez (7 August 1946 - 7 August 1950)
Laureano Gomez Castro (7 August 1950 - 13 June 1953)
Roberto Urdaneta Arbelaez (5 November 1951 - 13 June 1953) (acting for Gomez)
Gustavo Rojas Pinilla (13 June 1953 - 10 May 1957)
Gabriel París Gordillo (10 May 1957 - 7 August 1958) (Chairman of the Military Junta of Government)
Alberto Lleras Camargo (7 August 1958 - 7 August 1962) (2nd time)
Guillermo Leon Valencia (7 August 1962 - 7 August 1966)
Carlos Lleras Restrepo (7 August 1966 - 7 August 1970)
Misael Pastrana Borrero (7 August 1970 - 7 August 1974)
Alfonso Lopez Michelsen (7 August 1974 - 7 August 1978)
Julio Cesar Turbay Ayala (7 August 1978 - 7 August 1982)
Belisario Betancur Cuartas (7 August 1982 - 7 August 1986)
Virgilio Barco Vargas (7 August 1986 - 7 August 1990)
César Gaviria Trujillo (7 August 1990 - 7 August 1994)
Ernesto Samper Pizano (7 August 1994 - 7 August 1998)
Andrés Pastrana Arango (7 August 1998 - 7 August 2002)
Álvaro Uribe Velez (7 August 2002 - Present)
Wikipedia
President of the Supreme Junta of Santafé
José Miguel Pey de Andrade
President of the State of Cundinamarca
Jorge Tadeo Lozano
Antonio Nariño
Manuel Benito de Castro
Antonio Nariño
Manuel de Bernardo Álvarez del Casal
President of the Congress of the United Provinces of the New Granada, entrusted with the Federal Executive Power
Camilo Torres Tenorio
Presidents of the Triumvirate of the United Provinces of the New Granada
José María del Castillo y Rada
Joaquín Camacho
José Fernández Madrid
Custodio García Rovira
Antonio Villavicencio
Manuel Rodríguez Torices
José Miguel Pey de Andrade
President Dictadors of the United Provinces of the New Granada
Camilo Torres Tenorio
José Fernández Madrid
Custodio García Rovira
Liborio Mejía
Fernando Serrano Uribe
The Republic of Greater Colombia (1819-1831)
Under the Constitution of 1821, the President was the head of the executive power. and its time in office was the lifetime of the incumbent. The executive power had also Vicepresidents that assumed in case of death, demotion or illness of the President. Before the Aproval of the Constitution of 1821 by the Congress of Villa del Rosario the President de Facto was Simon Bolívar, and the Vicepresident Francisco de Paula Santander, because the Congress of Angostura provisionally gave them that title until the Constitution was written.
The Republic of Greater Colombia comprised the former territories of the Viceroyalty of the New Grenada, the Capitaincy of Venezuela and the Audience of Quito (Today Ecuador).
Presidents of the Republic of Greater Colombia (1819-1831)
Simón Bolívar (17 December 1819 - 4 May 1830) (President-Libertator from 19 August 1828)
Domingo Caycedo (4 May - 13 June 1830) (1st time, acting)
Joaquín de Mosquera (13 June - 5 September 1830)
Rafael Urdaneta (5 September 1830 - 3 May 1831) (acting)
Domingo Caycedo (3 May - 21 November 1831) (2nd time, acting)
Presidents of the Republic of New Granada (1831-1858)
Domingo Caycedo (21 November - 23 November 1831) (1st time, acting)
José María Obando (23 November 1831 - 10 March 1832) (1st time, acting)
José Ignacio de Márquez (10 March - 7 October 1832) (1st time, acting)
Francisco de Paula Santander (7 October 1832 - 1 April 1837)
José Ignacio de Márquez (1 April 1837 - 1 April 1841) (2nd time)
Domingo Caycedo (1 April - 2 May 1841) (2nd time, acting)
Pedro Alcántara Herrán Zaldúa (2 May 1841 - 1 April 1845)
Tomás Cipriano de Mosquera (1 April 1845 - 1 April 1849) (1st time)
José Hilario López (1 April 1849 - October 14, 1851)
José de Obaldía (October 14, 1851 - January 22, 1852) (Vice-president acting as President in its absence)
José Hilario López (January 22, 1852 - 1 April 1853)
José María Obando (1 April 1853 - 17 April 1854) (2nd time)
José María Melo (17 April - 4 December 1854) (Supreme Chief of the State)
Tomás de Herrera (21 April - 5 August 1854) (acting, in rebellion)
José de Obaldía (4 December 1854 - 1 April 1855) (acting, in rebellion from 5 August 1854)
Manuel Maria Mallarino (1 April 1855 - 1 April 1857) (acting)
Mariano Ospina Rodriguez (1 April 1857 - May 1858)
Presidents of the Grenadine Confederation (1858-1863)
Mariano Ospina Rodriguez (May 1858 - 1 April 1861)
Bartolomé Calvo (1 April - 18 July 1861) (acting)
Tomás Cipriano de Mosquera (18 July 1861 - 4 February 1863) (2nd time, provisional)
Presidents of the United States of Colombia (1863-1886)
Francisco Javier Zaldúa (4 February - 9 February 1863) (President of the Convention)
Eustorgio Salgar (9 February - 14 May 1863) (1st time, President of Executive Ministry)
Tomás Cipriano de Mosquera (14 May 1863 - 8 April 1864) (3rd time, acting from 1 April 1864)
Manuel Murillo Toro (8 April 1864 - 1 April 1866) (1st time)
José María Rojas Garrido (1 April - 22 May 1866) (acting)
Tomás Cipriano de Mosquera (22 May 1866 - 1 November 1867) (4th time)
Joaquín Riascos (12 May - 28 June 1867) (acting, in rebellion)
Santos Acosta (23 May 1867 - 1 April 1868) (acting for suspended Mosquera to 1 November 1867)
Santos Gutiérrez (1 April 1868 - 1 April 1870)
Eustorgio Salgar (1 April 1870 - 1 April 1872) (2nd time)
Manuel Murillo Toro (1 April 1872 - 1 April 1874) (2nd time)
Santiago Perez (1 April 1874 - 1 April 1876)
Aquileo Parra (1 April 1876 - 1 April 1878)
Julian Trujillo Largacha (1 April 1878 - 8 April 1880) (acting from 1 April 1880)
Rafael Núñez (8 April 1880 - 1 April 1882) (1st time)
Francisco Javier Zaldua (1 April - 21 December 1882)
Clímaco Calderón (21 December - 22 December 1882) (acting)
José Eusebio Otalora (22 December 1882 - 1 April 1884)
Ezequiel Hurtado (1 April - 11 August 1884) (acting)
Rafael Núñez (11 August 1884 - 1 April 1886) (2nd time)
Republic of Colombia (1886-Present)
After the War of the Supremes, the economic chaos of the Federal Period, the ex-President Rafael Núñez decided in a second term under the Constitution of Rionegro to draft a new one. The Colombian Constitution of 1886 Under that text the President was the chief of the executive power for 6 years with indefinite reelection (This changed in 1910 to 4 years with non-immediate reelection), and the Senate elected the Designate that acted as President when he died, was absent or deposed.
We must remark, that the Constitution of 1886 has been one of the longest lasting constitutions in the western hemisphere, and with the Reforms of 1910, 1936, 1958, 1968, 1973 and 1986 was the constitution of Colombia until 1991, when a new one was drafted. The Constitution of 1991 is still the constitution of the Republic.
Presidents of the Republic of Colombia (1886-Present)
José María Campo Serrano (1 April - 7 August 1886) (acting)
Eliseo Payán (7 August 1886 - 4 June 1887) (acting)
Rafael Núñez (4 June 1887 - 7 August 1892) (3rd time)
Miguel Antonio Caro (7 August - 29 September 1892) (1st time, acting)
Rafael Núñez (29 September 1892 - 18 September 1894) (4th time)
Miguel Antonio Caro (18 September 1894 - 7 August 1898) (2nd time, acting)
Manuel Antonio Sanclemente (7 August 1898 - 19 March 1902)
José Manuel Marroquín (31 July 1900 - 7 August 1904) (acting for suspended Sanclemente to 19 March 1902)
Rafael Reyes (7 August 1904 - 27 July 1909)
Jorge Holguin (27 July - 4 August 1909) (1st time, acting)
Ramón Gonzalez Valencia (4 August 1909 - 7 August 1910) (provisional)
Carlos E. Restrepo (7 August 1910 - 7 August 1914)
José Vicente Concha (7 August 1914 - 7 August 1918)
Marco Fidel Suarez (7 August 1918 - 7 August 1922)
Jorge Holguin (11 November 1921 - 7 August 1922) (2nd time, acting for Suarez)
Pedro Nel Ospina (7 August 1922 - 7 August 1926)
Miguel Abadia Mendez (7 August 1926 - 7 August 1930)
Enrique Olaya Herrera (7 August 1930 - 7 August 1934)
Alfonso Lopez Pumarejo (7 August 1934 - 7 August 1938) (1st time)
Eduardo Santos Montejo (7 August 1938 - 7 August 1942)
Alfonso Lopez Pumarejo (7 August 1942 - 7 August 1945) (2nd time)
Alberto Lleras Camargo (7 August 1945 - 7 August 1946) (1st time, acting)
Mariano Ospina Perez (7 August 1946 - 7 August 1950)
Laureano Gomez Castro (7 August 1950 - 13 June 1953)
Roberto Urdaneta Arbelaez (5 November 1951 - 13 June 1953) (acting for Gomez)
Gustavo Rojas Pinilla (13 June 1953 - 10 May 1957)
Gabriel París Gordillo (10 May 1957 - 7 August 1958) (Chairman of the Military Junta of Government)
Alberto Lleras Camargo (7 August 1958 - 7 August 1962) (2nd time)
Guillermo Leon Valencia (7 August 1962 - 7 August 1966)
Carlos Lleras Restrepo (7 August 1966 - 7 August 1970)
Misael Pastrana Borrero (7 August 1970 - 7 August 1974)
Alfonso Lopez Michelsen (7 August 1974 - 7 August 1978)
Julio Cesar Turbay Ayala (7 August 1978 - 7 August 1982)
Belisario Betancur Cuartas (7 August 1982 - 7 August 1986)
Virgilio Barco Vargas (7 August 1986 - 7 August 1990)
César Gaviria Trujillo (7 August 1990 - 7 August 1994)
Ernesto Samper Pizano (7 August 1994 - 7 August 1998)
Andrés Pastrana Arango (7 August 1998 - 7 August 2002)
Álvaro Uribe Velez (7 August 2002 - Present)
Wikipedia
Prime Minister Of Canada
Prime Minister Of Canada
1867-1873 John Macdonald Liberal-Konservatif 1815-1891
1873-1878 Alexander Mackenzie Liberal 1822-1892
1878-1891 John Macdonald Konservatif 1815-1891
1891-1892 John Joseph Caldwell Abbott Konservatif 1821-1893
1892-1894 John Thompson Konservatif 1845-1894
1894-1896 Mackenzie Bowell Konservatif 1823-1917
1896 Charles Tupper Konservatif 1821-1915
1896-1911 Wilfrid Laurier Liberal 1841-1915
1911-1920 Robert Borden Konservatif 1854-1937
1920-1921 Arthur Meighen Konservatif 1874-1961
1921-1926 William Lyon Mackenzie King Liberal 1874-1950
1926 Arthur Meighen Konservatif 1874-1961
1926-1930 William Lyon Mackenzie King Liberal 1874-1950
1930-1935 Richard Bennett Konservatif 1870-1947
1935-1948 William Lyon Mackenzie King Liberal 1874-1950
1948-1957 Louis Saint-Laurent Liberal 1882-1973
1957-1963 John Diefenbaker Konservatif 1895-1979
1963-1968 Lester Pearson Liberal 1897-1972
1968-1979 Pierre Trudeau Liberal 1919-
1979-1980 Joe Clark Konservatif 1939-
1980-1984 Pierre Trudeau Liberal 1919-
1984 John Turner Liberal 1929-
1984-1993 Brian Mulroney Konservatif 1934-
1993 Kim Campbell Konservatif 1947-
1993-2003 Jean Chrétien Liberal 1934-
2003-2006 Paul Martin Liberal 1938-
2006-present Stephen Harper Konservatif 1959-
1867-1873 John Macdonald Liberal-Konservatif 1815-1891
1873-1878 Alexander Mackenzie Liberal 1822-1892
1878-1891 John Macdonald Konservatif 1815-1891
1891-1892 John Joseph Caldwell Abbott Konservatif 1821-1893
1892-1894 John Thompson Konservatif 1845-1894
1894-1896 Mackenzie Bowell Konservatif 1823-1917
1896 Charles Tupper Konservatif 1821-1915
1896-1911 Wilfrid Laurier Liberal 1841-1915
1911-1920 Robert Borden Konservatif 1854-1937
1920-1921 Arthur Meighen Konservatif 1874-1961
1921-1926 William Lyon Mackenzie King Liberal 1874-1950
1926 Arthur Meighen Konservatif 1874-1961
1926-1930 William Lyon Mackenzie King Liberal 1874-1950
1930-1935 Richard Bennett Konservatif 1870-1947
1935-1948 William Lyon Mackenzie King Liberal 1874-1950
1948-1957 Louis Saint-Laurent Liberal 1882-1973
1957-1963 John Diefenbaker Konservatif 1895-1979
1963-1968 Lester Pearson Liberal 1897-1972
1968-1979 Pierre Trudeau Liberal 1919-
1979-1980 Joe Clark Konservatif 1939-
1980-1984 Pierre Trudeau Liberal 1919-
1984 John Turner Liberal 1929-
1984-1993 Brian Mulroney Konservatif 1934-
1993 Kim Campbell Konservatif 1947-
1993-2003 Jean Chrétien Liberal 1934-
2003-2006 Paul Martin Liberal 1938-
2006-present Stephen Harper Konservatif 1959-
Heads of government of Cameroon
List of Heads of Government of Cameroon
Cameroun Republic
Tenure Incumbent Affiliation Notes
1 January 1960 to 5 May 1960 Ahmadou Babatoura Ahidjo, Prime Minister UC
15 May 1960 to 1 October 1961 Charles Assalé, Prime Minister UC Becoming Prime Minister of East Cameroun in the Cameroun Federal Republic.
Cameroon Federal Republic
East Cameroon
Tenure Incumbent Affiliation Notes
1 October 1961 to 19 June 1965 Charles Assalé, Prime Minister UC Hitherto Prime Minister of Cameroun Republic
19 June 1965 to 20 November 1965 Vincent de Paul Ahanda, Prime Minister UC
20 November 1965 to 1966 Simon Pierre Tchoungui, Prime Minister UC
1966 to 2 June 1972 UNC
West Cameroon
Tenure Incumbent Affiliation Notes
1 October 1961 to 13 May 1965 John Ngu Foncha, Prime Minister KNDP
13 May 1965 to 1966 Augustine Ngom Jua, Prime Minister UNC
1966 to 11 January 1968 KNDP
11 January 1968 to 2 June 1972 Salomon Tandeng Muna, Prime Minister UNC
Cameroun United Republic
2 June 1972 to 30 June 1975 Vacant
30 June 1975 to 6 November 1982 Paul Biya, Prime Minister UNC
6 November 1982 to 22 August 1983 Bello Bouba Maigari, Prime Minister UNC
22 August 1983 to 25 January 1984 Luc Ayang, Prime Minister UNC
Cameroun Republic
25 January 1984 to 26 April 1991 Vacant
26 April 1991 to 9 April 1992 Sadou Hayatou, Prime Minister RDPC
9 April 1992 to 19 September 1996 Simon Achidi Achu, Prime Minister RDPC
19 September 1996 to 8 December 2004 Peter Mafany Musonge, Prime Minister RDPC
8 December 2004 to present Ephraïm Inoni, Prime Minister RDPC
Cameroun Republic
Tenure Incumbent Affiliation Notes
1 January 1960 to 5 May 1960 Ahmadou Babatoura Ahidjo, Prime Minister UC
15 May 1960 to 1 October 1961 Charles Assalé, Prime Minister UC Becoming Prime Minister of East Cameroun in the Cameroun Federal Republic.
Cameroon Federal Republic
East Cameroon
Tenure Incumbent Affiliation Notes
1 October 1961 to 19 June 1965 Charles Assalé, Prime Minister UC Hitherto Prime Minister of Cameroun Republic
19 June 1965 to 20 November 1965 Vincent de Paul Ahanda, Prime Minister UC
20 November 1965 to 1966 Simon Pierre Tchoungui, Prime Minister UC
1966 to 2 June 1972 UNC
West Cameroon
Tenure Incumbent Affiliation Notes
1 October 1961 to 13 May 1965 John Ngu Foncha, Prime Minister KNDP
13 May 1965 to 1966 Augustine Ngom Jua, Prime Minister UNC
1966 to 11 January 1968 KNDP
11 January 1968 to 2 June 1972 Salomon Tandeng Muna, Prime Minister UNC
Cameroun United Republic
2 June 1972 to 30 June 1975 Vacant
30 June 1975 to 6 November 1982 Paul Biya, Prime Minister UNC
6 November 1982 to 22 August 1983 Bello Bouba Maigari, Prime Minister UNC
22 August 1983 to 25 January 1984 Luc Ayang, Prime Minister UNC
Cameroun Republic
25 January 1984 to 26 April 1991 Vacant
26 April 1991 to 9 April 1992 Sadou Hayatou, Prime Minister RDPC
9 April 1992 to 19 September 1996 Simon Achidi Achu, Prime Minister RDPC
19 September 1996 to 8 December 2004 Peter Mafany Musonge, Prime Minister RDPC
8 December 2004 to present Ephraïm Inoni, Prime Minister RDPC
Heads of state of Cameroon
List of Heads of State of Cameroon.
Tenure Incumbent Affiliation Notes
1 January 1960 to 5 May 1960 Ahmadou Ahidjo, Head of State UC
5 May 1960 to 1966 Ahmadou Ahidjo, President UC
1966 to 6 November 1982 UNC
6 November 1982 to 1985 Paul Biya, President UNC
1985 to present RDPC
Tenure Incumbent Affiliation Notes
1 January 1960 to 5 May 1960 Ahmadou Ahidjo, Head of State UC
5 May 1960 to 1966 Ahmadou Ahidjo, President UC
1966 to 6 November 1982 UNC
6 November 1982 to 1985 Paul Biya, President UNC
1985 to present RDPC
Prime Minister of Cameroon
List of Prime Ministers
East Cameroon (1960-1972)
1. Ahmadou Ahidjo 1 January 1960 15 May 1960
2. Charles Assalé 15 May 1960 19 June 1965
3. Vincent de Paul Ahanda 19 June 1965 20 November 1965
4. Simon Pierre Tchoungui 20 November 1965 2 June 1972
West Cameroon (1961-1972)
1. John Ngu Foncha 1 October 1961 13 May 1965
2. Augustine Ngom Jua 13 May 1965 11 January 1968
3. Salomon Tandeng Muna 11 January 1968 2 June 1972
United Cameroon (1975-present)
1. Paul Biya 30 June 1975 6 November 1982
2. Bello Bouba Maigari 6 November 1982 22 August 1983
3. Luc Ayang 22 August 1983 25 January 1984
*. Position vacant 25 January 1984 26 April 1991
4. Sadou Hayatou 26 April 1991 9 April 1992
5. Simon Achidi Achu 9 April 1992 19 September 1996
6. Peter Mafany Musonge 19 September 1996 8 December 2004
7. Ephraim Inoni 8 December 2004 Incumbent
East Cameroon (1960-1972)
1. Ahmadou Ahidjo 1 January 1960 15 May 1960
2. Charles Assalé 15 May 1960 19 June 1965
3. Vincent de Paul Ahanda 19 June 1965 20 November 1965
4. Simon Pierre Tchoungui 20 November 1965 2 June 1972
West Cameroon (1961-1972)
1. John Ngu Foncha 1 October 1961 13 May 1965
2. Augustine Ngom Jua 13 May 1965 11 January 1968
3. Salomon Tandeng Muna 11 January 1968 2 June 1972
United Cameroon (1975-present)
1. Paul Biya 30 June 1975 6 November 1982
2. Bello Bouba Maigari 6 November 1982 22 August 1983
3. Luc Ayang 22 August 1983 25 January 1984
*. Position vacant 25 January 1984 26 April 1991
4. Sadou Hayatou 26 April 1991 9 April 1992
5. Simon Achidi Achu 9 April 1992 19 September 1996
6. Peter Mafany Musonge 19 September 1996 8 December 2004
7. Ephraim Inoni 8 December 2004 Incumbent
Monday, October 22, 2007
List of presidents of Chile
List of PresidentsList of presidents of Chile
Patria Vieja (1810-1814)
Name Took Office Left Office Notes
Presidents of the Government Juntas during the Patria Vieja
Mateo de Toro y Zambrano 18 September 1810 † 26 February 1811 President of the Governmental Junta of the Kingdom
Juan Martínez de Rozas 27 February 1811 2 April 1811 Interim President of the Governmental Junta
Fernando Márquez de la Plata 2 April 1811 17 May 1811 President of the Governmental Junta of the Kingdom
Juan Martínez de Rozas 17 May 1811 4 July 1811 President of the Superior Government Junta
Juan Antonio Ovalle 4 July 1811 11 August 1811 President of the First National Congress
Martín Calvo Encalada 11 August 1811 4 September 1811 President of the Provisional Executive Authority
Juan Martínez de Rozas 4 September 1811 15 November 1811 President of the Superior Government Junta
José Miguel Carrera 15 November 1811 13 December 1811 President of the Provisional Government Junta of 1811
José Santiago Portales 13 December 1811 8 January 1812
José Miguel Carrera 8 January 1812 3 November 1812
Pedro José Prado Jaraquemada 3 November 1812 6 December 1812 President of the Superior Governmental Junta of 1812
José Miguel Carrera 6 December 1812 13 April 1813
Francisco Antonio Pérez 13 April 1813 23 August 1813 President of the Superior Governmental Junta of 1813
José Miguel Infante 23 August 1813 10 January 1814
Agustín Manuel Eyzaguirre Arechavala 11 January 1814 7 March 1814
Supreme Directors
Antonio José de Irisarri 7 March 1814 14 March 1814 Interim Supreme Director
Francisco de la Lastra 14 March 1814 23 July 1814 1
Presidents of the Government Juntas
José Miguel Carrera 23 July 1814 2 October 1814 President of the Superior Governmental Junta of 1814
Between 1814 and 1817, the country was under Spanish control (Reconquista)
Patria Nueva (1817-1829)
Name Took Office Left Office Notes Order
Supreme Directors after Independence
Bernardo O'Higgins 16 February 1817 28 January 1823 2
Agustín Manuel Eyzaguirre Arechavala 28 January 1823 29 March 1823 President of the Government Junta
Congreso de Plenipotenciarios 29 March 1823 5 April 1823 Provisional triumvirate of the three provinces
Ramón Freire Serrano 5 April 1823 13 August 1823 Interim Supreme Director
Diego José Benavente 13 August 1823 2 September 1823 Acting Supreme Director
Ramón Freire Serrano 2 September 1823 9 July 1826 3
Presidents
Manuel Blanco Encalada 9 July 1826 9 September 1826 Provisional President 1
Agustín Manuel Eyzaguirre Arechavala 9 September 1826 25 January 1827 Vice President
Ramón Freire Serrano 25 January 1827 15 February 1827 Provisional President
Ramón Freire Serrano 15 February 1827 8 May 1827 2
Francisco Antonio Pinto Díaz 8 May 1827 14 July 1829 Vice President
Francisco Ramón Vicuña Larraín 14 July 1829 19 October 1829 President Delegate
Francisco Antonio Pinto Díaz 19 October 1829 2 November 1829 3
Francisco Ramón Vicuña Larraín 2 November 1829 7 December 1829 Vice President
Acephalous executive 7 December 1829 24 December 1829
Republic (1829-Present)
Name Took Office Left Office Notes Order
José Tomás Ovalle Bezanilla 24 December 1829 18 February 1830 President of the Government Junta
Francisco Ruiz-Tagle Portales 18 February 1830 1 April 1830 Provisional President
José Tomás Ovalle Bezanilla 1 April 1830 8 March 1831 Vice President
Fernando Errázuriz Aldunate 8 March 1831 18 September 1831 Provisional President
José Joaquín Prieto Vial 18 September 1831 18 September 1841 4
Manuel Bulnes Prieto 18 September 1841 18 September 1851 5
Manuel Montt Torres 18 September 1851 18 September 1861 6
José Joaquín Pérez Mascayano 18 September 1861 18 September 1871 7
Federico Errázuriz Zañartu 18 September 1871 18 September 1876 8
Aníbal Pinto Garmendia 18 September 1876 18 September 1881 9
Domingo Santa María González 18 September 1881 18 September 1886 10
José Manuel Balmaceda Fernández 18 September 1886 29 August 1891 11
Manuel Baquedano González 29 August 1891 31 August 1891 Chief of Government
Jorge Montt Álvarez 31 August 1891 26 December 1891 President of the Government Junta
Jorge Montt Álvarez 26 December 1891 18 September 1896 12
Federico Errázuriz Echaurren 18 September 1896 † 12 July 1901 13
Aníbal Zañartu Zañartu 12 July 1901 18 September 1901 Vice President
Germán Riesco Errázuriz 18 September 1901 18 September 1906 14
Pedro Montt Montt 18 September 1906 † 16 August 1910 15
Elías Fernández Albano 16 August 1910 † 6 September 1910 Vice President
Emiliano Figueroa Larraín 6 September 1910 23 December 1910 Vice President
Ramón Barros Luco 23 December 1910 23 December 1915 16
Juan Luis Sanfuentes Andonaegui 23 December 1915 23 December 1920 17
Arturo Alessandri Palma 23 December 1920 11 September 1924 18
Luis Altamirano Talavera 11 September 1924 23 January 1925 President of the Government Junta
Pedro Dartnell 23 January 1925 27 January 1925 President of the Government Junta
Emilio Bello Codecido 27 January 1925 20 March 1925
Arturo Alessandri Palma 20 March 1925 1 October 1925 Reasumed as President
Luis Barros Borgoño 1 October 1925 23 December 1925 Vice President
Emiliano Figueroa Larraín 23 December 1925 10 May 1927 19
Carlos Ibáñez del Campo 10 May 1927 21 July 1927 Vice President
Carlos Ibáñez del Campo 21 July 1927 26 July 1931 20
Pedro Opazo Letelier 26 July 1931 27 July 1931 Vice President
Juan Esteban Montero Rodríguez 27 July 1931 3 September 1931 Vice President
Manuel Trucco Franzani 3 September 1931 15 November 1931 Vice President
Juan Esteban Montero Rodríguez 15 November 1931 4 December 1931 Vice President
Juan Esteban Montero Rodríguez 4 December 1931 4 June 1932 21
Arturo Puga 4 June 1932 13 June 1932 President of the Government Junta of the Socialist Republic of Chile
Arturo Puga 13 June 1932 16 June 1932
Carlos Dávila Espinoza 16 June 1932 8 July 1932
Carlos Dávila Espinoza 8 July 1932 13 September 1932 Provisional President of the Socialist Republic of Chile
Bartolomé Blanche Espejo 13 September 1932 2 October 1932
Abraham Oyanedel Urrutia 2 October 1932 24 December 1932 Vice President
Arturo Alessandri Palma 24 December 1932 24 December 1938 22
Pedro Aguirre Cerda 24 December 1938 † 25 November 1941 23
Jerónimo Méndez Arancibia 25 November 1941 2 April 1942 Vice President
Juan Antonio Ríos Morales 2 April 1942 † 27 June 1946 24
Alfredo Duhalde Vásquez 27 June 1946 3 August 1946 Vice President
Vicente Merino Bielich 3 August 1946 13 August 1946 Vice President
Alfredo Duhalde Vásquez 13 August 1946 17 October 1946 Vice President
Juan Antonio Iribarren Cabezas 17 October 1946 3 November 1946 Vice President
Gabriel González Videla 3 November 1946 3 November 1952 25
Carlos Ibáñez del Campo 3 November 1952 3 November 1958 26
Jorge Alessandri Rodríguez 3 November 1958 3 November 1964 27
Eduardo Frei Montalva 3 November 1964 3 November 1970 28
Salvador Allende Gossens 3 November 1970 † 11 September 1973 29
Augusto Pinochet Ugarte 11 September 1973 27 June 1974 Chairman of Government Junta
Augusto Pinochet Ugarte 27 June 1974 17 December 1974 Supreme Chief of the Nation
Augusto Pinochet Ugarte 17 December 1974 11 March 1990 30
Patricio Aylwin Azócar 11 March 1990 11 March 1994 31
Eduardo Frei Ruiz-Tagle 11 March 1994 11 March 2000 32
Ricardo Lagos Escobar 11 March 2000 11 March 2006 33
Michelle Bachelet Jeria 11 March 2006 Incumbent, term expected to end on 11 March 2010 34
Patria Vieja (1810-1814)
Name Took Office Left Office Notes
Presidents of the Government Juntas during the Patria Vieja
Mateo de Toro y Zambrano 18 September 1810 † 26 February 1811 President of the Governmental Junta of the Kingdom
Juan Martínez de Rozas 27 February 1811 2 April 1811 Interim President of the Governmental Junta
Fernando Márquez de la Plata 2 April 1811 17 May 1811 President of the Governmental Junta of the Kingdom
Juan Martínez de Rozas 17 May 1811 4 July 1811 President of the Superior Government Junta
Juan Antonio Ovalle 4 July 1811 11 August 1811 President of the First National Congress
Martín Calvo Encalada 11 August 1811 4 September 1811 President of the Provisional Executive Authority
Juan Martínez de Rozas 4 September 1811 15 November 1811 President of the Superior Government Junta
José Miguel Carrera 15 November 1811 13 December 1811 President of the Provisional Government Junta of 1811
José Santiago Portales 13 December 1811 8 January 1812
José Miguel Carrera 8 January 1812 3 November 1812
Pedro José Prado Jaraquemada 3 November 1812 6 December 1812 President of the Superior Governmental Junta of 1812
José Miguel Carrera 6 December 1812 13 April 1813
Francisco Antonio Pérez 13 April 1813 23 August 1813 President of the Superior Governmental Junta of 1813
José Miguel Infante 23 August 1813 10 January 1814
Agustín Manuel Eyzaguirre Arechavala 11 January 1814 7 March 1814
Supreme Directors
Antonio José de Irisarri 7 March 1814 14 March 1814 Interim Supreme Director
Francisco de la Lastra 14 March 1814 23 July 1814 1
Presidents of the Government Juntas
José Miguel Carrera 23 July 1814 2 October 1814 President of the Superior Governmental Junta of 1814
Between 1814 and 1817, the country was under Spanish control (Reconquista)
Patria Nueva (1817-1829)
Name Took Office Left Office Notes Order
Supreme Directors after Independence
Bernardo O'Higgins 16 February 1817 28 January 1823 2
Agustín Manuel Eyzaguirre Arechavala 28 January 1823 29 March 1823 President of the Government Junta
Congreso de Plenipotenciarios 29 March 1823 5 April 1823 Provisional triumvirate of the three provinces
Ramón Freire Serrano 5 April 1823 13 August 1823 Interim Supreme Director
Diego José Benavente 13 August 1823 2 September 1823 Acting Supreme Director
Ramón Freire Serrano 2 September 1823 9 July 1826 3
Presidents
Manuel Blanco Encalada 9 July 1826 9 September 1826 Provisional President 1
Agustín Manuel Eyzaguirre Arechavala 9 September 1826 25 January 1827 Vice President
Ramón Freire Serrano 25 January 1827 15 February 1827 Provisional President
Ramón Freire Serrano 15 February 1827 8 May 1827 2
Francisco Antonio Pinto Díaz 8 May 1827 14 July 1829 Vice President
Francisco Ramón Vicuña Larraín 14 July 1829 19 October 1829 President Delegate
Francisco Antonio Pinto Díaz 19 October 1829 2 November 1829 3
Francisco Ramón Vicuña Larraín 2 November 1829 7 December 1829 Vice President
Acephalous executive 7 December 1829 24 December 1829
Republic (1829-Present)
Name Took Office Left Office Notes Order
José Tomás Ovalle Bezanilla 24 December 1829 18 February 1830 President of the Government Junta
Francisco Ruiz-Tagle Portales 18 February 1830 1 April 1830 Provisional President
José Tomás Ovalle Bezanilla 1 April 1830 8 March 1831 Vice President
Fernando Errázuriz Aldunate 8 March 1831 18 September 1831 Provisional President
José Joaquín Prieto Vial 18 September 1831 18 September 1841 4
Manuel Bulnes Prieto 18 September 1841 18 September 1851 5
Manuel Montt Torres 18 September 1851 18 September 1861 6
José Joaquín Pérez Mascayano 18 September 1861 18 September 1871 7
Federico Errázuriz Zañartu 18 September 1871 18 September 1876 8
Aníbal Pinto Garmendia 18 September 1876 18 September 1881 9
Domingo Santa María González 18 September 1881 18 September 1886 10
José Manuel Balmaceda Fernández 18 September 1886 29 August 1891 11
Manuel Baquedano González 29 August 1891 31 August 1891 Chief of Government
Jorge Montt Álvarez 31 August 1891 26 December 1891 President of the Government Junta
Jorge Montt Álvarez 26 December 1891 18 September 1896 12
Federico Errázuriz Echaurren 18 September 1896 † 12 July 1901 13
Aníbal Zañartu Zañartu 12 July 1901 18 September 1901 Vice President
Germán Riesco Errázuriz 18 September 1901 18 September 1906 14
Pedro Montt Montt 18 September 1906 † 16 August 1910 15
Elías Fernández Albano 16 August 1910 † 6 September 1910 Vice President
Emiliano Figueroa Larraín 6 September 1910 23 December 1910 Vice President
Ramón Barros Luco 23 December 1910 23 December 1915 16
Juan Luis Sanfuentes Andonaegui 23 December 1915 23 December 1920 17
Arturo Alessandri Palma 23 December 1920 11 September 1924 18
Luis Altamirano Talavera 11 September 1924 23 January 1925 President of the Government Junta
Pedro Dartnell 23 January 1925 27 January 1925 President of the Government Junta
Emilio Bello Codecido 27 January 1925 20 March 1925
Arturo Alessandri Palma 20 March 1925 1 October 1925 Reasumed as President
Luis Barros Borgoño 1 October 1925 23 December 1925 Vice President
Emiliano Figueroa Larraín 23 December 1925 10 May 1927 19
Carlos Ibáñez del Campo 10 May 1927 21 July 1927 Vice President
Carlos Ibáñez del Campo 21 July 1927 26 July 1931 20
Pedro Opazo Letelier 26 July 1931 27 July 1931 Vice President
Juan Esteban Montero Rodríguez 27 July 1931 3 September 1931 Vice President
Manuel Trucco Franzani 3 September 1931 15 November 1931 Vice President
Juan Esteban Montero Rodríguez 15 November 1931 4 December 1931 Vice President
Juan Esteban Montero Rodríguez 4 December 1931 4 June 1932 21
Arturo Puga 4 June 1932 13 June 1932 President of the Government Junta of the Socialist Republic of Chile
Arturo Puga 13 June 1932 16 June 1932
Carlos Dávila Espinoza 16 June 1932 8 July 1932
Carlos Dávila Espinoza 8 July 1932 13 September 1932 Provisional President of the Socialist Republic of Chile
Bartolomé Blanche Espejo 13 September 1932 2 October 1932
Abraham Oyanedel Urrutia 2 October 1932 24 December 1932 Vice President
Arturo Alessandri Palma 24 December 1932 24 December 1938 22
Pedro Aguirre Cerda 24 December 1938 † 25 November 1941 23
Jerónimo Méndez Arancibia 25 November 1941 2 April 1942 Vice President
Juan Antonio Ríos Morales 2 April 1942 † 27 June 1946 24
Alfredo Duhalde Vásquez 27 June 1946 3 August 1946 Vice President
Vicente Merino Bielich 3 August 1946 13 August 1946 Vice President
Alfredo Duhalde Vásquez 13 August 1946 17 October 1946 Vice President
Juan Antonio Iribarren Cabezas 17 October 1946 3 November 1946 Vice President
Gabriel González Videla 3 November 1946 3 November 1952 25
Carlos Ibáñez del Campo 3 November 1952 3 November 1958 26
Jorge Alessandri Rodríguez 3 November 1958 3 November 1964 27
Eduardo Frei Montalva 3 November 1964 3 November 1970 28
Salvador Allende Gossens 3 November 1970 † 11 September 1973 29
Augusto Pinochet Ugarte 11 September 1973 27 June 1974 Chairman of Government Junta
Augusto Pinochet Ugarte 27 June 1974 17 December 1974 Supreme Chief of the Nation
Augusto Pinochet Ugarte 17 December 1974 11 March 1990 30
Patricio Aylwin Azócar 11 March 1990 11 March 1994 31
Eduardo Frei Ruiz-Tagle 11 March 1994 11 March 2000 32
Ricardo Lagos Escobar 11 March 2000 11 March 2006 33
Michelle Bachelet Jeria 11 March 2006 Incumbent, term expected to end on 11 March 2010 34
List of Heads of State of Chad
List of Heads of State of Chad
(Dates in italics indicate de facto continuation of office)
Tenure Incumbent Affiliation Notes
Republic of Chad (République du Tchad)
11 August 1960 to 23 April 1962 François Tombalbaye, Head of State PPT
23 April 1962 to 30 August 1973 François Tombalbaye, President Changed name to N’Garta Tombalbaye
30 August 1973 to 13 April 1975 N’Garta Tombalbaye, President MNRCS (cont'd.); Previously named François Tombalbaye;
Died in office
13 April 1975 to 15 April 1975 Noël Milarew Odingar, interim Head of State Mil
15 April 1975 to 12 May 1975 Félix Malloum N'Gakoutou, Chairman of the Higher Military Council Mil
12 May 1975 to 29 August 1978 Félix Malloum N'Gakoutou, Head of State
29 August 1978 to 23 March 1979 Félix Malloum N'Gakoutou, President
23 March 1979 to 29 April 1979 Goukouni Oueddei, Chairman of the Provisional Council of State FROLIANT-FAP 1st Term
29 April 1979 to 3 September 1979 Lol Mohamed Shawa, President of Transitional Government of National Union MPLT
3 September 1979 to 10 November 1979 Goukouni Oueddei, Chairman of the Provisional Administrative Committee FROLINAT-FAP 2nd Term
10 November 1979 to 7 June 1982 Goukouni Oueddei, President of Transitional Government of National Union
7 June 1982 to 19 June 1982 Hissène Habré, Chairman of the Command Council of the Armed Forces of the North FAN
19 June 1982 to 21 October 1982 Hissène Habré, Chairman of the Council of State
21 October 1982 to 1984 Hissène Habré, President
1984 to 1 December 1990 UNIR (cont'd.)
1 December 1990 to 2 December 1990 Jean Alingue Bawoyeu, acting President UDR
2 December 1990 to 4 December 1990 Lieutenant-General Idriss Déby, President of the Patriotic Salvation Movement MPS
4 December 1990 to 4 March 1991 Lieutenant-General Idriss Déby, Head of State
4 March 1991 to present Lieutenant-General Idriss Déby, President
Nassour Guelendouksia Ouaido, acting President MPS For Déby
(Dates in italics indicate de facto continuation of office)
Tenure Incumbent Affiliation Notes
Republic of Chad (République du Tchad)
11 August 1960 to 23 April 1962 François Tombalbaye, Head of State PPT
23 April 1962 to 30 August 1973 François Tombalbaye, President Changed name to N’Garta Tombalbaye
30 August 1973 to 13 April 1975 N’Garta Tombalbaye, President MNRCS (cont'd.); Previously named François Tombalbaye;
Died in office
13 April 1975 to 15 April 1975 Noël Milarew Odingar, interim Head of State Mil
15 April 1975 to 12 May 1975 Félix Malloum N'Gakoutou, Chairman of the Higher Military Council Mil
12 May 1975 to 29 August 1978 Félix Malloum N'Gakoutou, Head of State
29 August 1978 to 23 March 1979 Félix Malloum N'Gakoutou, President
23 March 1979 to 29 April 1979 Goukouni Oueddei, Chairman of the Provisional Council of State FROLIANT-FAP 1st Term
29 April 1979 to 3 September 1979 Lol Mohamed Shawa, President of Transitional Government of National Union MPLT
3 September 1979 to 10 November 1979 Goukouni Oueddei, Chairman of the Provisional Administrative Committee FROLINAT-FAP 2nd Term
10 November 1979 to 7 June 1982 Goukouni Oueddei, President of Transitional Government of National Union
7 June 1982 to 19 June 1982 Hissène Habré, Chairman of the Command Council of the Armed Forces of the North FAN
19 June 1982 to 21 October 1982 Hissène Habré, Chairman of the Council of State
21 October 1982 to 1984 Hissène Habré, President
1984 to 1 December 1990 UNIR (cont'd.)
1 December 1990 to 2 December 1990 Jean Alingue Bawoyeu, acting President UDR
2 December 1990 to 4 December 1990 Lieutenant-General Idriss Déby, President of the Patriotic Salvation Movement MPS
4 December 1990 to 4 March 1991 Lieutenant-General Idriss Déby, Head of State
4 March 1991 to present Lieutenant-General Idriss Déby, President
Nassour Guelendouksia Ouaido, acting President MPS For Déby
Prime Ministers of Chad
List of Prime Ministers of Chad
1. Hissène Habré 29 August 1978 23 March 1979
— Position vacant 23 March 1979 4 March 1991
2. Jean Alingue Bawoyeu 4 March 1991 20 May 1992
3. Joseph Yodoyman 20 May 1992 7 April 1993
4. Fidèle Moungar 7 April 1993 6 November 1993
5. Delwa Kassiré Koumakoye 6 November 1993 8 April 1995
6. Koibla Djimasta 8 April 1995 17 May 1997
7. Nassour Guelendouksia Ouaido 17 May 1997 13 December 1999
8. Nagoum Yamassoum 13 December 1999 12 June 2002
9. Haroun Kabadi 12 June 2002 24 June 2003
10. Moussa Faki 24 June 2003 3 February 2005
11. Pascal Yoadimnadji 3 February 2005 23 February 2007
12. Adoum Younousmi (acting) 23 February 2007 26 February 2007
13. Delwa Kassiré Koumakoye 26 February 2007 current
1. Hissène Habré 29 August 1978 23 March 1979
— Position vacant 23 March 1979 4 March 1991
2. Jean Alingue Bawoyeu 4 March 1991 20 May 1992
3. Joseph Yodoyman 20 May 1992 7 April 1993
4. Fidèle Moungar 7 April 1993 6 November 1993
5. Delwa Kassiré Koumakoye 6 November 1993 8 April 1995
6. Koibla Djimasta 8 April 1995 17 May 1997
7. Nassour Guelendouksia Ouaido 17 May 1997 13 December 1999
8. Nagoum Yamassoum 13 December 1999 12 June 2002
9. Haroun Kabadi 12 June 2002 24 June 2003
10. Moussa Faki 24 June 2003 3 February 2005
11. Pascal Yoadimnadji 3 February 2005 23 February 2007
12. Adoum Younousmi (acting) 23 February 2007 26 February 2007
13. Delwa Kassiré Koumakoye 26 February 2007 current
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