Prime Minister of Estonia

Prime Minister of Estonia

1918 to 1920
Name Took Office Left Office Party Coalition
1 Konstantin Päts 1 24 February 1918 26 November 1918 Union of Rural People Non-party big coalition
2 Konstantin Päts 1 26 November 1918 9 May 1919 Union of Rural People Non-party big coalition
3 Otto Strandman 9 May 1919 18 November 1919 Estonian Labor Party ESDTP+TE+RE
4 Jaan Tõnisson 18 November 1919 28 July 1920 Estonian People's Party ESDTP+TE+RE
5 Ado Birk 2 28 July 1920 30 July 1920 Estonian People's Party TE+RE+KRE
6 Jaan Tõnisson (2nd time) 3 30 July 1920 26 October 1920 Estonian People's Party RE
7 Ants Piip4 26 October 1920 21 December 1920/25 January 1921 Estonian Labor Party TE


The first two governments were Country Councils (Maapäeva or Maanõukogu valitsused); the next five were appointed by the directly-elected Constituent Assembly (Asutav Kogu).


1920 to 1934
The head of government was called the "State Elder" (Riigivanem). He was the head of the cabinet and was elected by parliament as well as depending on it. Thus he was closer to a PM, although he had some responsibilities of a president as well. A specific president did not exist; presidential functions were shared between the State Elder and the speaker of the parliament. A government could be, as in 1919-1920, and sometimes was, put into office by a simple majority vote with even less than an absolute majority, and could be removed in the same way.




Name Took office Left office Party Coalition
1 Konstantin Päts 25 January 1921 21 November 1922 Farmers Unions TE+PK+RE+KRE
2 Juhan Kukk 21 November 1922 2 August 1923 Estonian Labor Party TE+PK (+RE)
3 Konstantin Päts 2 August 1923 26 March 1924 Farmers Unions PK+TE+RE+KRE
4 Friedrich Akel 26 March 1924 16 December 1924 Christian Peoples Party TE+RE+KRE
5 Jüri Jaakson 16 December 1924 15 December 1925 Estonian Peoples Party PK+ESDTP+TE+RE+KRE
6 Jaan Teemant 15 December 1925 23 July 1926 Farmers Unions PK+TE+KRE+AS+RVP
7 Jaan Teemant 23 July 1926 4 March 1927 Farmers Unions PK+AS+RE+KRE+MAJA
8 Jaan Teemant 4 March 1927 9 December 1927 Farmers Unions PK+AS+RE+KRE+MAJA
9 Jaan Tõnisson 9 December 1927 4 December 1928 Estonian Peoples Party PK+AS+TE+RE
10 August Rei 4 December 1928 9 July 1929 Estonian Socialist Workers Party ESTP+AS+TE+KRE
11 Otto Strandman 9 July 1929 12 February 1931 Estonian Labor Party PK+AS+TE+RE+KRE
12 Konstantin Päts 12 February 1931 19 February 1932 Farmers Unions ESTP+PK+RE+MAJA
13 Jaan Teemant 19 February 1932 19 July 1932 Farmers Unions PK+AS+TE+RE
14 Kaarel Eenpalu 19 July 1932 1 November 1932 United Peasants Party ÜPE+RKE
15 Konstantin Päts 1 November 1932 18 May 1933 United Peasants Party Non-party
16 Jaan Tõnisson 18 May 1933 21 October 1933 National Centre Party RKE+AS (+ PK internal opposition)
17 Konstantin Päts 21 October 1933 12 March 1934 Ühinenud Põllumeeste Erakond Non-party





Legend
PK - Farmers Unions (Põllumeeste Kogud)
TE - Estonian Labor Party (Eesti Tööerakond)
RE - Estonian Peoples Party (Eesti Rahvaerakond)
ESDTP - Estonian Social Democratic Workers Party /Eesti Sotsiaaldemokraatiline Partei; since 1925 ESTP - Estonian Socialist Workers Party (eesti Sotsialistlik Tööliste Partei
AS - Settlers party (Asunikud ...)
KRE Christian Peoples Party (Kristlik Rahvaerakond)
RVP - National Liberal Party (Rahvuslik Vabameelne Partei)
MAJA - Union of the Real Estate Owners Societies (Üleriiklik Majaomanike Seltside Liit)
ÜPE - United Peasants Party (Ühinenud Põllumeeste erakond), former and later PK+AS
RKE - National Centre Party (Rahvuslik Keskerakond), former RE+TE+KRE+MAJA


Governments of:
1-2 - I Riigikogu
3-6 - II Riigikogu
7-10 - III Riigikogu
11-13 - IV Riigikogu
14-17 - V Riigikogu


1934 to 1937
Name Took Office Left Office Party
Konstantin Päts (2nd Time) 24 January 1934 3 September 1937 (parties were outlawed)


1938 to 1940
Name Took Office Left Office Party
6 Kaarel Eenpalu 5 9 May 1938 12 October 1939 Non-party
7 Jüri Uluots 12 October 1939 21 June 1940 National Association
8 Johannes Vares 21 June 1940 25 August 1940 Estonian Communist Party


1991 to present
Name Took Office Left Office Party
Edgar Savisaar (acting) August 20, 1991 January 29, 1992 Popular Front of Estonia
Tiit Vähi (acting) January 29, 1992 October 21, 1992 (none)
9 Mart Laar October 21, 1992 November 8, 1994 Pro Patria Union
10 Andres Tarand November 8, 1994 April 17, 1995 (none)
11 Tiit Vähi (2nd time) April 17, 1995 March 17, 1997 Estonian Coalition Party
12 Mart Siimann March 17, 1997 March 25, 1999 Estonian Coalition Party
Mart Laar (2nd time) March 25, 1999 January 28, 2002 Pro Patria Union
13 Siim Kallas January 28, 2002 April 10, 2003 Estonian Reform Party
14 Juhan Parts April 10, 2003 April 12, 2005 Res Publica
15 Andrus Ansip April 12, 2005 Estonian Reform Party